-
1 учебен
1. (за дело, заведение) educational, educative(за година, помагало) school (attr.)учебно дело educationучебно-възпитателна работа educative workучебна година a school year, ( в университета) an academic yearпрез учебно време during the termучебни часове school hoursучебен план curriculum (pl. curricula)учебни пограма syllabusучебна техника school aids, training appliances; (technical) teaching aids2. (който служи за учение) training (attr.), drill (attr.)учебна кола a test carучебен кораб/самолет a training ship/machineав. penguinучебен плац воен. exercise-/drill groundучебен лагер a training camp, a camp of instructionучебна стрелба artillery practice, ( с пушка) rifle practice* * *учѐбен,прил., -на, -но, -ни 1. (за дело, заведение) educational, educative; (за година, помагало) school (attr.); екскурзия с \учебенна цел study-tour; през \учебенно време during the term; \учебенен план curriculum, pl. curricula; \учебенен предмет (school) subject; \учебенен процес teaching process; \учебенна година school year, (в университета) academic year; \учебенна практика teaching practice; \учебенна програма syllabus; \учебенна техника school aids, training appliances; (technical) teaching aids; \учебенни часове school hours; \учебенно-възпитателна работа educative work; \учебенно дело education;2. ( който служи за учение) training (attr.), drill (attr.); \учебенен кораб/самолет training ship/machine, авиац. penguin; \учебенен лагер training camp, a camp of instruction; \учебенен патрон dummy cartridge; \учебенен плац воен. exercise-/drill ground; \учебенен център воен. depot; \учебенна кола test car; \учебенна стрелба artillery practice, dummy firing; (с пушка) rifle practice.* * *educational: a учебен year - учебна година, a учебен hour - учебен час; practice ; training (за обучение): a учебен engine - учебна машина; scholastic* * *1. (за година, помагало) school (attr.) 2. (за дело, заведение) educational, educative 3. (който служи за учение) training (attr.), drill (attr.) 4. aв. penguin 5. УЧЕБЕН кораб/самолет a training ship/machine 6. УЧЕБЕН лагер a training camp, a camp of instruction 7. УЧЕБЕН план curriculum (рl. curricula) 8. УЧЕБЕН плац воен. exercise-/drill ground 9. УЧЕБЕН предмет а (school) subject 10. през учебно време during the term 11. учебна година а school year, (в университета) an academic year 12. учебна кола a test car 13. учебна стрелба artillery practice, (с пушка) rifle practice 14. учебна техника school aids, training appliances;(technical) teaching aids 15. учебни пограма syllabus 16. учебни часове school hours 17. учебно дело education 18. учебно-възпитателна работа educative work -
2 процесс обучения
1) General subject: the educative process, the educatory process2) Oil: learning process3) Advertising: teaching process4) Business: process of instructions5) Programming: training process (определяет работы по соответствующему обучению персонала (ISO/IEC 12207, ГОСТ Р ИСО/МЭК 12207-99))6) Makarov: educative process -
3 педагогический процесс
educational process, educative process, teaching processRussian-english psychology dictionary > педагогический процесс
-
4 процесс обучения
education(al) process, instructional process, teaching process -
5 ход обучения
1) Economy: course of instruction2) Business: process of instructions, teaching process -
6 организация обучения
Business: organization of teaching processУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > организация обучения
-
7 evaluacija nastave
• evaluation of the teaching process -
8 методический материал
методический материал
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
teaching material
An article or device used to facilitate the learning process in an instructional setting. (Source: RHW)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > методический материал
-
9 учебно-воспитательный процесс
Русско-английский политический словарь > учебно-воспитательный процесс
-
10 educativo
adj.1 educational, instructive, teaching, educative.2 teaching.* * *► adjetivo1 educational* * *(f. - educativa)adj.* * *ADJ1) (=instructivo) educational2) (=pedagógico)reforma educativa — educational o school reform
* * *- va adjetivo <programa/juego> educational; < establecimiento> educational, teaching (before n); < sistema> education (before n)* * *= educational, educative, teaching, instructional, instructive.Ex. The collections we develop, the attempt that we make is an educational effort, and it seems to me that our subject headings are simply part of that, and they should be part of that.Ex. Educative work must continue to be publicised and libraries must make greater outlays of funds and staff.Ex. The teaching programme includes large postgraduate courses and an undergraduate course, each with 50 students a year with a total of 250 overall.Ex. The advent of complex information technologies requires a new paradigm for library instruction and the instructional role of academic librarians.Ex. The present paper disagrees, arguing that the Conspectus is too imprecise to be instructive, too untestable to invoke belief, and too laborious ever to repay the effort.----* ayuda educativa = educational aid.* herramienta educativa = educational aid.* informática educativa = educational computing.* instrumento educativo = educational aid.* investigación educativa = educational research.* libro educativo = educational book.* licencia educativa = educational licence.* material educativo = instructional material.* nivel educativo = education level, level of education.* no educativo = non-educational.* objetivo educativo = educational goal.* política educativa = educational policy.* proceso educativo = instructional process.* programa educativo = education programme, instructional programme, learning program(me).* reforma educativa = education reform.* sicología educativa = educational psychology, psychology of education.* sistema educativo = educational system.* vídeo educativo = training video.* * *- va adjetivo <programa/juego> educational; < establecimiento> educational, teaching (before n); < sistema> education (before n)* * *= educational, educative, teaching, instructional, instructive.Ex: The collections we develop, the attempt that we make is an educational effort, and it seems to me that our subject headings are simply part of that, and they should be part of that.
Ex: Educative work must continue to be publicised and libraries must make greater outlays of funds and staff.Ex: The teaching programme includes large postgraduate courses and an undergraduate course, each with 50 students a year with a total of 250 overall.Ex: The advent of complex information technologies requires a new paradigm for library instruction and the instructional role of academic librarians.Ex: The present paper disagrees, arguing that the Conspectus is too imprecise to be instructive, too untestable to invoke belief, and too laborious ever to repay the effort.* ayuda educativa = educational aid.* herramienta educativa = educational aid.* informática educativa = educational computing.* instrumento educativo = educational aid.* investigación educativa = educational research.* libro educativo = educational book.* licencia educativa = educational licence.* material educativo = instructional material.* nivel educativo = education level, level of education.* no educativo = non-educational.* objetivo educativo = educational goal.* política educativa = educational policy.* proceso educativo = instructional process.* programa educativo = education programme, instructional programme, learning program(me).* reforma educativa = education reform.* sicología educativa = educational psychology, psychology of education.* sistema educativo = educational system.* vídeo educativo = training video.* * *educativo -va‹programa/juego› educational; ‹establecimiento› educational, teaching ( before n)el sistema educativo the education system* * *
educativo◊ -va adjetivo ‹programa/juego› educational;
‹ establecimiento› educational, teaching ( before n);
‹ sistema› education ( before n)
educativo,-a adjetivo educational
sistema educativo, education system
' educativo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
educativa
- LOGSE
English:
educational
- comprehensive
- education
- model
- open
* * *educativo, -a adj1. [que educa] educational;juegos educativos educational games2. [de la educación] educational;un centro educativo an educational establishment;sistema educativo education system* * *adj educational;política educativa education(al) policy;sistema educativo education(al) system* * *educativo, -va adj: educational* * *educativo adj educational -
11 práctica
adj.1 practical (estudio, formación).2 skillful, experienced, expert (person).3 practical; handy (tool); convenient (casa).f.1 a skilful pilot.2 practice, training.3 policy.* * *1 practice2 (habilidad) skill1 practical sing■ ahora que he aprobado la teórica puedo pasar a las prácticas now that I've passed the theory I can move on to the practical\en la práctica in practicellevar a la práctica to put into practice* * *1. noun f. 2. f., (m. - práctico)* * *SF1) [de actividad] practicellevar algo a la práctica, poner algo en práctica — to put sth into practice
2) pl prácticas (=aprendizaje) [gen] practice sing, training sing ; [de profesor] teaching practice sing ; [de laboratorio] experimentsprácticas profesionales — professional training, practical training ( for a profession)
* * *1)a) ( en actividad) practice; ( en trabajo) experienceb) ( profesión) practicing*es aconsejable la práctica de algún deporte — it's advisable to play o do some sport
2) ( aplicación) practiceponer algo en práctica or llevar algo a la práctica — to put something into practice
3) prácticas femenino plurala) (clase, sesión práctica)b) ( de maestro) teaching practice4) ( costumbre) practice* * *= practice, observance, practising [practicing, -USA], drill practice, discourse, praxes [praxis, -sing.], run-through.Ex. This practice ensures that a later match can be achieved between the document and its description.Ex. Because of the need to preserve cartographic documents for present and future generations, map librarians are obliged to guarantee strict observance of conservation requirements.Ex. The practicing of writing it is deadly dull and therefore has minimum permanent effect.Ex. No reinforcement drill practice was given to the control group.Ex. The institutional 'traditional student' discourse in the USA is one of fraternity parties and breaking free of parental control.Ex. The process of hybridization consists, first of all, of borrowing and lending concepts, methods, theories, and praxes = El proceso de hibridación se compone, en principio, de los conceptos, métodos, teorías y praxis del préstamo.Ex. This article will provide a brief run-through of some strategies for giving staff and users what they need and expect.----* adquirido con la práctica = experiential.* aprender con la práctica = learn by + doing.* basado en la práctica = empirically-based, grounded in practice, practice-based.* beca de prácticas = in-service training.* buenas prácticas = best practices.* clase de prácticas = practical.* código de buenas prácticas = code of practice, code of good practice.* colección de prácticas = laboratory collection.* comprobación en la práctica real = field test.* comprobar en la práctica real = field-test.* comunidad de prácticas comunes = community of practice.* conservar la práctica de = keep + Posesivo + hands in.* cuaderno de prácticas = resource book.* curso mixto de clases y práctica en la empresa = sandwich course.* ejercicio y práctica = drill and practice.* encargado de poner en práctica = implementor [implementer].* en la práctica = in action, in practice, in practical terms, in implementation.* en la práctica real = in actual practice.* en la puesta en práctica = in implementation.* en prácticas = trainee.* estar falto de práctica = get + rusty.* falto de práctica = rusty [rustier -comp., rustiest -sup.].* formación de profesorado en prácticas = in-service teacher training.* formación en prácticas = in-service.* la práctica hace al maestro = practice makes perfect.* libro de prácticas = resource book.* llevar a la práctica = practise [practice, -USA], put into + practice, put into + practical effect, carry out, put into + effect.* llevar a la práctica una decisión = implement + decision.* orientado hacia la práctica = practice-oriented.* partiendo de la práctica = practice-led.* período de prácticas = work placement, training attachment.* período de prácticas en centros = practicum.* período de prácticas en la industria = industrial placement.* persona en prácticas = trainee, intern.* poner en práctica = exercise, implement, put into + practice, put to + work, put into + effect, put into + practical effect, put in + place, put into + place, translate into + practical action, bring to + bear, deploy.* poner en práctica una idea = put + Posesivo + idea + into practice.* poner en práctica una normativa = carry out + policy.* poner en práctica un arte = practise + art.* ponerse en práctica = go into + effect.* práctica bibliotecaria = library practice.* práctica cada vez más frecuente = growing practice.* práctica clínica = clinical practice.* práctica común = common practice.* práctica común, la = normal pattern, the.* práctica cotidiana = daily practice.* práctica de música = music-making.* práctica diaria = daily practice.* práctica popular = lore.* práctica real = actual practice.* práctica religiosa = religious practice.* prácticas comerciales = business practices.* prácticas de campo = fieldwork [field work].* prácticas ilegales = unlawful practices.* prácticas más adecuadas = best practices, lessons learned [lessons learnt].* práctica social = meme.* prácticas sexuales = sexual mores.* profesor en prácticas = in-service teacher.* programa de prácticas en la empresa = internship program(me), internship.* programa mixto de clases y práctica en la empresa = sandwich programme.* puesta en práctica = enforcement, execution, implementation, operationalisation [operationalization, -USA].* seguir una práctica = adopt + practice.* teoría y práctica = policy and practice.* trabajar como persona en prácticas = intern.* * *1)a) ( en actividad) practice; ( en trabajo) experienceb) ( profesión) practicing*es aconsejable la práctica de algún deporte — it's advisable to play o do some sport
2) ( aplicación) practiceponer algo en práctica or llevar algo a la práctica — to put something into practice
3) prácticas femenino plurala) (clase, sesión práctica)b) ( de maestro) teaching practice4) ( costumbre) practice* * *= practice, observance, practising [practicing, -USA], drill practice, discourse, praxes [praxis, -sing.], run-through.Ex: This practice ensures that a later match can be achieved between the document and its description.
Ex: Because of the need to preserve cartographic documents for present and future generations, map librarians are obliged to guarantee strict observance of conservation requirements.Ex: The practicing of writing it is deadly dull and therefore has minimum permanent effect.Ex: No reinforcement drill practice was given to the control group.Ex: The institutional 'traditional student' discourse in the USA is one of fraternity parties and breaking free of parental control.Ex: The process of hybridization consists, first of all, of borrowing and lending concepts, methods, theories, and praxes = El proceso de hibridación se compone, en principio, de los conceptos, métodos, teorías y praxis del préstamo.Ex: This article will provide a brief run-through of some strategies for giving staff and users what they need and expect.* adquirido con la práctica = experiential.* aprender con la práctica = learn by + doing.* basado en la práctica = empirically-based, grounded in practice, practice-based.* beca de prácticas = in-service training.* buenas prácticas = best practices.* clase de prácticas = practical.* código de buenas prácticas = code of practice, code of good practice.* colección de prácticas = laboratory collection.* comprobación en la práctica real = field test.* comprobar en la práctica real = field-test.* comunidad de prácticas comunes = community of practice.* conservar la práctica de = keep + Posesivo + hands in.* cuaderno de prácticas = resource book.* curso mixto de clases y práctica en la empresa = sandwich course.* ejercicio y práctica = drill and practice.* encargado de poner en práctica = implementor [implementer].* en la práctica = in action, in practice, in practical terms, in implementation.* en la práctica real = in actual practice.* en la puesta en práctica = in implementation.* en prácticas = trainee.* estar falto de práctica = get + rusty.* falto de práctica = rusty [rustier -comp., rustiest -sup.].* formación de profesorado en prácticas = in-service teacher training.* formación en prácticas = in-service.* la práctica hace al maestro = practice makes perfect.* libro de prácticas = resource book.* llevar a la práctica = practise [practice, -USA], put into + practice, put into + practical effect, carry out, put into + effect.* llevar a la práctica una decisión = implement + decision.* orientado hacia la práctica = practice-oriented.* partiendo de la práctica = practice-led.* período de prácticas = work placement, training attachment.* período de prácticas en centros = practicum.* período de prácticas en la industria = industrial placement.* persona en prácticas = trainee, intern.* poner en práctica = exercise, implement, put into + practice, put to + work, put into + effect, put into + practical effect, put in + place, put into + place, translate into + practical action, bring to + bear, deploy.* poner en práctica una idea = put + Posesivo + idea + into practice.* poner en práctica una normativa = carry out + policy.* poner en práctica un arte = practise + art.* ponerse en práctica = go into + effect.* práctica bibliotecaria = library practice.* práctica cada vez más frecuente = growing practice.* práctica clínica = clinical practice.* práctica común = common practice.* práctica común, la = normal pattern, the.* práctica cotidiana = daily practice.* práctica de música = music-making.* práctica diaria = daily practice.* práctica popular = lore.* práctica real = actual practice.* práctica religiosa = religious practice.* prácticas comerciales = business practices.* prácticas de campo = fieldwork [field work].* prácticas ilegales = unlawful practices.* prácticas más adecuadas = best practices, lessons learned [lessons learnt].* práctica social = meme.* prácticas sexuales = sexual mores.* profesor en prácticas = in-service teacher.* programa de prácticas en la empresa = internship program(me), internship.* programa mixto de clases y práctica en la empresa = sandwich programme.* puesta en práctica = enforcement, execution, implementation, operationalisation [operationalization, -USA].* seguir una práctica = adopt + practice.* teoría y práctica = policy and practice.* trabajar como persona en prácticas = intern.* * *A1 (en una actividad) practice; (en un trabajo) experiencele falta práctica he needs practicese aprende con la práctica you learn by practice, it comes with practicetiene mucha práctica he's had a lot of practicehe perdido la práctica I'm out of practicenecesita ayuda mientras va adquiriendo práctica he needs to be helped while he's gaining experiencela práctica hace maestro practice makes perfect2 (ejercicio) practicing*abandonó la práctica del derecho para hacer política she gave up practicing law to go into politicses aconsejable la práctica de algún deporte it's advisable to play o do some sportB (aplicación) practiceen la práctica in practiceponer algo en práctica or llevar algo a la práctica to put sth into practice1(clase, sesión práctica): prácticas de tiro target practicelas prácticas de Anatomía the anatomy practicals2 (de un maestro) teaching practicela escuela donde hice (las) prácticas the school where I did my teaching practicehice las prácticas en la clínica de la Paz I did my internship ( AmE) o ( BrE) my houseman year at the la Paz hospitalcontrato en prácticas work-experience contractD (costumbre) practiceson prácticas muy extendidas en esta zona these practices o customs are widespread in this areaesta operación es hoy una práctica habitual en la medicina this operation is common practice in medicine today* * *
Del verbo practicar: ( conjugate practicar)
practica es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo
Multiple Entries:
practicar
práctica
practicar ( conjugate practicar) verbo transitivo
1
‹ tenis› to play;
no practica ningún deporte he doesn't play o do any sport(s)
2 (frml) (llevar a cabo, realizar) ‹corte/incisión› to make;
‹autopsia/operación› to perform, do;
‹redada/actividad› to carry out;
‹ detenciones› to make
verbo intransitivo ( repetir) to practice( conjugate practice);
( ejercer) to practice( conjugate practice)
práctica sustantivo femenino
1
( en trabajo) experience;
2 ( aplicación) practice;
poner algo en práctica or llevar algo a la práctica to put sth into practice
3
( de maestro) teaching practice;
4 ( costumbre) practice
practicar
I verbo transitivo
1 (una profesión) to practise, US practice
2 (una actividad) to play, practise: deberías practicar el tenis más a menudo, you should play tennis more regularly
3 (una operación, etc) to carry out, do, perform: tuvieron que practicarle una autopsia, they had to perform a post mortem on him
4 Rel to practise
II verbo intransitivo to practise: si quieres hablar bien el inglés, debes practicar más, if you want to speak good English, you must practise more ➣ Ver nota en practise
práctico,-a
I adjetivo
1 (un objeto) handy, useful
2 (una persona, disciplina) practical
II m Náut pilot
práctica sustantivo femenino
1 (actividad) practice
2 (aplicación) poner algo en práctica, to put sthg into practice
3 (costumbre) una práctica habitual, a common practice
4 (aprendizaje, formación) prácticas, teaching practice
5 Educ (clases no teóricas) practicals, US labs: por la mañana tiene prácticas de química, in the morning he has chemistry practicals ➣ Ver nota en practise
' práctica' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
continuismo
- costumbre
- docencia
- marcha
- vela
- ejercicio
- equitación
- instrucción
- perder
- practicar
English:
action
- code
- current
- excel
- feasible
- follow up
- hate
- implement
- insider dealing
- insider trading
- observance
- practically
- practice
- practise
- run-through
- rusty
- turn
- convenient
- malpractice
- mock
- practical
- protection
- teaching
* * *práctica nf1. [experiencia] practice;te hace falta más práctica you need more practice;con la práctica adquirirás más soltura you'll become more fluent with practice;esto es algo que se aprende con la práctica it comes with practice2. [ejercicio] practice;[de un deporte] playing;se dedica a la práctica de la medicina she practices medicine;me han recomendado la práctica de la natación I've been advised to go swimming3. [aplicación] practice;llevar algo a la práctica, poner algo en práctica to put sth into practice;en la práctica in practice4. [clase no teórica] practical;prácticas de laboratorio lab sessions5.prácticas [laborales] training;contrato en prácticas work-experience contract6. [costumbre] practice;ser práctica establecida to be standard practice* * *f practice;en la práctica in practice;llevar a la práctica, poner en práctica put into practice;perder la práctica get out of practice;tener práctica en algo have experience in sth;prácticas pl work experience sg ;hacer prácticas do a work placement* * *práctica nf1) : practice, experience2) ejercicio: exercisingla práctica de la medicina: the practice of medicine3) aplicación: application, practiceponer en práctica: to put into practice4) prácticas nfpl: training* * *práctica n practice -
12 concurso
m.1 competition (prueba) (literaria, deportiva).concurso de belleza beauty contestconcurso televisivo o de televisión game show2 tender.salir a concurso público to be put out to tender3 co-operation (ayuda).4 contest, competition, tournament, game show.5 concurrence, coming together of a group of people, confluence, grouping.6 bankruptcy proceeding, insolvency proceedings.pres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: concursar.* * *2 (para puestos) public examination■ las tres plazas de profesor saldrán a concurso applications are invited for the three teaching positions4 (ayuda) help, aid, collaboration5 (licitación) tender\estar fuera de concurso to be out of the runningconcurso hípico horse showconcurso literario literary competitionconcurso radiofónico radio quiz, radio quiz programme (US program)* * *noun m.1) contest2) competition* * *1. SM1) (Com) tenderpresentar algo a concurso — to open sth up to tender, put sth out to tender
2) (=competición) competition, contest; (TV, Radio) quiz, game showconcurso de ideas — (Arquit) design competition
concurso de saltos — show-jumping contest o competition
concurso hípico — horse show, show-jumping contest o competition
3) (=examen) examination, open competition4)concurso de acreedores — (Jur) meeting of creditors
5) (=coincidencia) coincidence, concurrence6) (=ayuda) cooperation, helpprestar su concurso — to help, collaborate
2.ADJ* * *1)a) ( certamen) competitionb) (para puestos, vacantes) selection process involving interviews and competitive examinations2) ( licitación) tender3) (frml) (de circunstancias, factores) combination, concurrence (frml)* * *= contest, competition, tournament, quiz [quizzes, -pl.].Ex. The children love puppet shows, the movies, story hours, contests.Ex. There was a competition organised for the best motto for each event to be held during library week.Ex. The author traces the development of the tournament in Scotland from the 13th to 16th centuries and its relationship to European chivalric activity.Ex. A variety of extension activities, such as book clubs, competitions and quizzes also help to publicize the stock and the work of the library.----* concurso cultural = talent contest, talent show.* concurso de baile = dance competition.* concurso de belleza = beauty pageant, beauty contest.* concurso de cante = singing competition.* concurso de cultura general = quiz [quizzes, -pl.].* concurso de misses = beauty pageant.* concurso de música = music competition.* concurso de popularidad = popularity contest.* concurso de redacción = essay competition.* concurso de talentos = talent contest, talent show.* concurso ecuestre = equestrian competition, equestrian event.* concurso humorística = comedy competition.* concurso literario = literary contest.* concurso público = bid, bidding, tender, tender procedure, tendering, tendering procedure, tendering process.* concurso público de licitación = competitive tendering.* organizar un concurso = conduct + contest.* sacar a concurso = tender for, tender out.* sacar a concurso público = bid, bid + Posesivo + business, tender for, tender out.* * *1)a) ( certamen) competitionb) (para puestos, vacantes) selection process involving interviews and competitive examinations2) ( licitación) tender3) (frml) (de circunstancias, factores) combination, concurrence (frml)* * *= contest, competition, tournament, quiz [quizzes, -pl.].Ex: The children love puppet shows, the movies, story hours, contests.
Ex: There was a competition organised for the best motto for each event to be held during library week.Ex: The author traces the development of the tournament in Scotland from the 13th to 16th centuries and its relationship to European chivalric activity.Ex: A variety of extension activities, such as book clubs, competitions and quizzes also help to publicize the stock and the work of the library.* concurso cultural = talent contest, talent show.* concurso de baile = dance competition.* concurso de belleza = beauty pageant, beauty contest.* concurso de cante = singing competition.* concurso de cultura general = quiz [quizzes, -pl.].* concurso de misses = beauty pageant.* concurso de música = music competition.* concurso de popularidad = popularity contest.* concurso de redacción = essay competition.* concurso de talentos = talent contest, talent show.* concurso ecuestre = equestrian competition, equestrian event.* concurso humorística = comedy competition.* concurso literario = literary contest.* concurso público = bid, bidding, tender, tender procedure, tendering, tendering procedure, tendering process.* concurso público de licitación = competitive tendering.* organizar un concurso = conduct + contest.* sacar a concurso = tender for, tender out.* sacar a concurso público = bid, bid + Posesivo + business, tender for, tender out.* * *A1 (certamen) competitionse presentó a un concurso de cocina he took part in a cookery competition o contestun concurso de disfraces a fancy dress competition2 ( Rad, TV) (programa — de preguntas y respuestas) quiz show o program; (—de juegos y pruebas) game show3 (para puestos, vacantes) selection process involving interviews and competitive examinationsse convoca concurso para cubrir 20 plazas de maestros applications are invited for 20 teaching postsCompuestos:beauty contest● concurso (de or por) oposiciónhorse show, show jumping competitionB (licitación) tenderlas obras se sacarán a concurso the work will be put out to tenderCompuesto:competitive tendering ( with pre-determined maximum price)C ( frml)1 (de circunstancias, factores) combination, concurrence ( frml)Compuesto:creditors' meetingD (ayuda, cooperación) help, support* * *
Del verbo concursar: ( conjugate concursar)
concurso es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
concursó es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries:
concursar
concurso
concursar ( conjugate concursar) verbo intransitivo ( en concurso) to take part;
( para puesto) to compete ( through interviews and competitive examinations)
concurso sustantivo masculino
concurso de belleza beauty contest o (esp AmE) pageant;
concurso hípico show jumping competition
( de juegos y pruebas) game show
concursar verbo intransitivo to compete, take part
concurso sustantivo masculino
1 (competición) competition
(de pintura, baile, etc) contest
(de televisión) quiz show
2 (para conseguir una obra pública, licitación) tender
sacar (una obra) a concurso, to invite tenders (for a piece of work)
3 frml (colaboración) help
' concurso' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
antelación
- base
- concurrir
- concursante
- II
- presentador
- presentadora
- programa
- seudónima
- seudónimo
- subastar
- tocar
- tribunal
- azafata
- concursar
- convocar
- desempate
- fallo
- inscribir
- inscripción
- jurado
- licitar
- oposición
- participante
- presentar
- triunfar
English:
amateurish
- beauty contest
- booby prize
- competition
- contest
- drop out
- entrant
- entry
- fix
- form
- go in for
- outsider
- point
- quiz
- show-jumping
- tender
- beauty
- drop
- enter
- game
- horse
* * *concurso nm1. [literaria, deportiva] competition;un concurso de disfraces/de piano a fancy dress/piano competition;presentarse a un concurso to enter a competition;concurso de belleza beauty contest;concurso hípico horse show;concurso de saltos show-jumping event2. [de televisión] game show;[de preguntas y respuestas] quiz show concurso de méritos merit-based selection process4. [para una obra] tender;adjudicar un concurso to award a contract;convocar un concurso to call for tender, to invite tenders;salir a concurso público to be put out to tenderconcurso de adjudicación tendering process5. [colaboración] cooperation;con el concurso de todos, saldremos del apuro if everyone helps o cooperates, we can get ourselves out of this mess6. [concurrencia]el enorme concurso de visitantes desbordó a los organizadores the organizers couldn't cope with the huge number of visitors* * *m1 competition2 COM tender;sacar a concurso put out to tender* * *concurso nm1) : contest, competition2) : concurrance, coincidence3) : crowd, gathering4) : cooperation, assistance* * *concurso n1. (en general) competition / contest2. (de televisión, radio) quiz show / game show3. (selección para un trabajo) open competition -
13 método
m.1 method, manner, mode, process.2 procedure, specific way of performing an action.* * *1 method2 (en pedagogía) course* * *noun m.* * *SM1) (=procedimiento) method2) (=organización)no obtienen resultados porque les falta método — they don't get any results because they are not methodical (enough)
3) (=manual) manual* * *masculino method* * *= approach [approaches, -pl.], avenue, design, mechanism, method, tack.Ex. During the last twenty years the variety of approaches to the organisation of knowledge has proliferated with the introduction of computer-based methods.Ex. In the attempt to match the above criteria, there are two fundamentally distinct avenues to the construction of the schedules of a classification scheme.Ex. Thus in index or catalogue or data base design the indexer must choose an appropriate blend of recall and precision for each individual application.Ex. This helps to illustrate the methods of analysis employed by the scheme and to introduce the mechanisms of its use.Ex. There is an alternative method for the design of subject retrieval devices, and that is to build languages or schemes which depend upon some theoretical views about the nature and structure of knowledge.Ex. The simplest tack would be to include the metadata in the notes field but sorting by metadata attributes is problematic and clunky.----* aprender por el método de ensayo y error = learn by + trial and error.* basado en un método empírico = enquiry-based [inquiry-based, -USA].* basado en un método práctico = enquiry-based [inquiry-based, -USA].* como un método para = as a means of.* explorar métodos = explore + roads.* indizar según el método KWIC = KWIC-index.* método analítico = analytical method.* método anticonceptivo = contraceptive method.* método automatizado = computer-based method.* método basado en modelos = modelling approach [modeling approach, -USA].* método Cloze = Cloze method.* método cualitativo = qualitative method.* método de actuación = clinical practice.* método de aprendizaje = learning style, learning method.* método de búsqueda = search paradigm.* método de clustering aglutinador = agglomerative clustering method.* método de comunicación = communication pathway.* método deductivo = deductive method.* método de enseñanza = teaching method.* método de evaluación de un edificio en uso = post-occupancy evaluation method.* método de gestión = managerial style.* método de indización en cadena = chain procedure.* método de la coocurrencia de términos = co-word method, co-word method, co-word method.* método de la Inversión de la Frecuencia de los Documentos (IDF) = Inverse Document Frequency model (IDF).* método de la media ponderada = weighted means method.* método de la media sin ponderar = unweighted means method.* Método de la Secuencia Crítica = Critical Path Method (CPM).* método Delphi, el = Delphi method, the.* método del Valor de Discriminación (DV) = Discrimination Value model (DV).* método de ordenación letra a letra = letter by letter method, all-through method.* método de ordenación palabra por palabra = word by word method, nothing before something method.* método de pensamiento en voz alta = thinking aloud method.* método de puntuación = scoring technique.* método de trabajo = working method.* método de Two-Poisson (2P) = Two-Poisson model (2P).* método docente = teaching method.* método escalonado = stations approach.* método estadístico = statistical method.* método inductivo = inductive method.* método Maze = Maze method.* método por simulación = simulation method, simulation approach.* por el método de ensayo y error = by trial and error, trial and error.* seguir un método = take + approach.* según un método prescrito = clerically.* * *masculino method* * *= approach [approaches, -pl.], avenue, design, mechanism, method, tack.Ex: During the last twenty years the variety of approaches to the organisation of knowledge has proliferated with the introduction of computer-based methods.
Ex: In the attempt to match the above criteria, there are two fundamentally distinct avenues to the construction of the schedules of a classification scheme.Ex: Thus in index or catalogue or data base design the indexer must choose an appropriate blend of recall and precision for each individual application.Ex: This helps to illustrate the methods of analysis employed by the scheme and to introduce the mechanisms of its use.Ex: There is an alternative method for the design of subject retrieval devices, and that is to build languages or schemes which depend upon some theoretical views about the nature and structure of knowledge.Ex: The simplest tack would be to include the metadata in the notes field but sorting by metadata attributes is problematic and clunky.* aprender por el método de ensayo y error = learn by + trial and error.* basado en un método empírico = enquiry-based [inquiry-based, -USA].* basado en un método práctico = enquiry-based [inquiry-based, -USA].* como un método para = as a means of.* explorar métodos = explore + roads.* indizar según el método KWIC = KWIC-index.* método analítico = analytical method.* método anticonceptivo = contraceptive method.* método automatizado = computer-based method.* método basado en modelos = modelling approach [modeling approach, -USA].* método Cloze = Cloze method.* método cualitativo = qualitative method.* método de actuación = clinical practice.* método de aprendizaje = learning style, learning method.* método de búsqueda = search paradigm.* método de clustering aglutinador = agglomerative clustering method.* método de comunicación = communication pathway.* método deductivo = deductive method.* método de enseñanza = teaching method.* método de evaluación de un edificio en uso = post-occupancy evaluation method.* método de gestión = managerial style.* método de indización en cadena = chain procedure.* método de la coocurrencia de términos = co-word method, co-word method, co-word method.* método de la Inversión de la Frecuencia de los Documentos (IDF) = Inverse Document Frequency model (IDF).* método de la media ponderada = weighted means method.* método de la media sin ponderar = unweighted means method.* Método de la Secuencia Crítica = Critical Path Method (CPM).* método Delphi, el = Delphi method, the.* método del Valor de Discriminación (DV) = Discrimination Value model (DV).* método de ordenación letra a letra = letter by letter method, all-through method.* método de ordenación palabra por palabra = word by word method, nothing before something method.* método de pensamiento en voz alta = thinking aloud method.* método de puntuación = scoring technique.* método de trabajo = working method.* método de Two-Poisson (2P) = Two-Poisson model (2P).* método docente = teaching method.* método escalonado = stations approach.* método estadístico = statistical method.* método inductivo = inductive method.* método Maze = Maze method.* método por simulación = simulation method, simulation approach.* por el método de ensayo y error = by trial and error, trial and error.* seguir un método = take + approach.* según un método prescrito = clerically.* * *A (procedimiento) methodmétodos de tortura methods of torturetodos aplicaron el mismo método everyone used o employed the same methodel mejor método para aprobar es estudiar the best way to pass is to studyno conozco ningún método para quitar esa mancha I don't know any way of getting that stain outCompuestos:analytic methodcontraceptive method, method of contraceptionsynthetic methodB (de aprendizaje, enseñanza) methodCompuestos:audiovisual methoddirect methodC (libro de texto) course book; (manual) handbookD (orden) methodtrabajar/proceder con método to work/proceed methodically* * *
método sustantivo masculino
method;
método sustantivo masculino
1 method: hay varios métodos para conseguir agua, there are different ways to obtain water
2 Educ course: ¿qué métodos tienen para enseñar inglés?, what English courses do you sell?
' método' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
diafragma
- ensayar
- innovador
- innovadora
- litografía
- procedimiento
- superada
- superado
- técnica
- usar
- aplicación
- aplicar
- bueno
- clásico
- demostrar
- garrote
- imaginar
- implantar
- ineficacia
- ineficaz
- infalible
- ingeniar
- probar
- recomendado
- riguroso
- seguir
- seguro
- sistema
- sistemático
- votación
English:
accepted
- employ
- method
- process
- rhythm method
- system
- underhand
- wasteful
- familiarity
* * *método nm1. [sistema] method;no estoy de acuerdo con sus métodos de hacer las cosas I don't agree with her way of doing things o her methodsmétodo anticonceptivo method of contraception;el método (de) Ogino the rhythm method2. [modo ordenado] method;proceder con método to proceed methodically3. [educativo] method;un método de mecanografía a method of teaching typing* * *m method* * *método nm: method* * *método n method -
14 Bibliography
■ Aitchison, J. (1987). Noam Chomsky: Consensus and controversy. New York: Falmer Press.■ Anderson, J. R. (1980). Cognitive psychology and its implications. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.■ Anderson, J. R. (1983). The architecture of cognition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.■ Anderson, J. R. (1995). Cognitive psychology and its implications (4th ed.). New York: W. H. Freeman.■ Archilochus (1971). In M. L. West (Ed.), Iambi et elegi graeci (Vol. 1). Oxford: Oxford University Press.■ Armstrong, D. M. (1990). The causal theory of the mind. In W. G. Lycan (Ed.), Mind and cognition: A reader (pp. 37-47). Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell. (Originally published in 1981 in The nature of mind and other essays, Ithaca, NY: University Press).■ Atkins, P. W. (1992). Creation revisited. Oxford: W. H. Freeman & Company.■ Austin, J. L. (1962). How to do things with words. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.■ Bacon, F. (1878). Of the proficience and advancement of learning divine and human. In The works of Francis Bacon (Vol. 1). Cambridge, MA: Hurd & Houghton.■ Bacon, R. (1928). Opus majus (Vol. 2). R. B. Burke (Trans.). Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.■ Bar-Hillel, Y. (1960). The present status of automatic translation of languages. In F. L. Alt (Ed.), Advances in computers (Vol. 1). New York: Academic Press.■ Barr, A., & E. A. Feigenbaum (Eds.) (1981). The handbook of artificial intelligence (Vol. 1). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.■ Barr, A., & E. A. Feigenbaum (Eds.) (1982). The handbook of artificial intelligence (Vol. 2). Los Altos, CA: William Kaufman.■ Barron, F. X. (1963). The needs for order and for disorder as motives in creative activity. In C. W. Taylor & F. X. Barron (Eds.), Scientific creativity: Its rec ognition and development (pp. 153-160). New York: Wiley.■ Bartlett, F. C. (1932). Remembering: A study in experimental and social psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.■ Bartley, S. H. (1969). Principles of perception. London: Harper & Row.■ Barzun, J. (1959). The house of intellect. New York: Harper & Row.■ Beach, F. A., D. O. Hebb, C. T. Morgan & H. W. Nissen (Eds.) (1960). The neu ropsychology of Lashley. New York: McGraw-Hill.■ Berkeley, G. (1996). Principles of human knowledge: Three Dialogues. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Originally published in 1710.)■ Berlin, I. (1953). The hedgehog and the fox: An essay on Tolstoy's view of history. NY: Simon & Schuster.■ Bierwisch, J. (1970). Semantics. In J. Lyons (Ed.), New horizons in linguistics. Baltimore: Penguin Books.■ Black, H. C. (1951). Black's law dictionary. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing.■ Bloom, A. (1981). The linguistic shaping of thought: A study in the impact of language on thinking in China and the West. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.■ Bobrow, D. G., & D. A. Norman (1975). Some principles of memory schemata. In D. G. Bobrow & A. Collins (Eds.), Representation and understanding: Stud ies in Cognitive Science (pp. 131-149). New York: Academic Press.■ Boden, M. A. (1977). Artificial intelligence and natural man. New York: Basic Books.■ Boden, M. A. (1981). Minds and mechanisms. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.■ Boden, M. A. (1990a). The creative mind: Myths and mechanisms. London: Cardinal.■ Boden, M. A. (1990b). The philosophy of artificial intelligence. Oxford: Oxford University Press.■ Boden, M. A. (1994). Precis of The creative mind: Myths and mechanisms. Behavioral and brain sciences 17, 519-570.■ Boden, M. (1996). Creativity. In M. Boden (Ed.), Artificial Intelligence (2nd ed.). San Diego: Academic Press.■ Bolter, J. D. (1984). Turing's man: Western culture in the computer age. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.■ Bolton, N. (1972). The psychology of thinking. London: Methuen.■ Bourne, L. E. (1973). Some forms of cognition: A critical analysis of several papers. In R. Solso (Ed.), Contemporary issues in cognitive psychology (pp. 313324). Loyola Symposium on Cognitive Psychology (Chicago 1972). Washington, DC: Winston.■ Bransford, J. D., N. S. McCarrell, J. J. Franks & K. E. Nitsch (1977). Toward unexplaining memory. In R. Shaw & J. D. Bransford (Eds.), Perceiving, acting, and knowing (pp. 431-466). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.■ Breger, L. (1981). Freud's unfinished journey. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.■ Brehmer, B. (1986). In one word: Not from experience. In H. R. Arkes & K. Hammond (Eds.), Judgment and decision making: An interdisciplinary reader (pp. 705-719). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.■ Bresnan, J. (1978). A realistic transformational grammar. In M. Halle, J. Bresnan & G. A. Miller (Eds.), Linguistic theory and psychological reality (pp. 1-59). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.■ Brislin, R. W., W. J. Lonner & R. M. Thorndike (Eds.) (1973). Cross- cultural research methods. New York: Wiley.■ Bronowski, J. (1977). A sense of the future: Essays in natural philosophy. P. E. Ariotti with R. Bronowski (Eds.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.■ Bronowski, J. (1978). The origins of knowledge and imagination. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.■ Brown, R. O. (1973). A first language: The early stages. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.■ Brown, T. (1970). Lectures on the philosophy of the human mind. In R. Brown (Ed.), Between Hume and Mill: An anthology of British philosophy- 1749- 1843 (pp. 330-387). New York: Random House/Modern Library.■ Bruner, J. S., J. Goodnow & G. Austin (1956). A study of thinking. New York: Wiley.■ Calvin, W. H. (1990). The cerebral symphony: Seashore reflections on the structure of consciousness. New York: Bantam.■ Campbell, J. (1982). Grammatical man: Information, entropy, language, and life. New York: Simon & Schuster.■ Campbell, J. (1989). The improbable machine. New York: Simon & Schuster.■ Carlyle, T. (1966). On heroes, hero- worship and the heroic in history. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. (Originally published in 1841.)■ Carnap, R. (1959). The elimination of metaphysics through logical analysis of language [Ueberwindung der Metaphysik durch logische Analyse der Sprache]. In A. J. Ayer (Ed.), Logical positivism (pp. 60-81) A. Pap (Trans). New York: Free Press. (Originally published in 1932.)■ Cassirer, E. (1946). Language and myth. New York: Harper and Brothers. Reprinted. New York: Dover Publications, 1953.■ Cattell, R. B., & H. J. Butcher (1970). Creativity and personality. In P. E. Vernon (Ed.), Creativity. Harmondsworth, England: Penguin Books.■ Caudill, M., & C. Butler (1990). Naturally intelligent systems. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.■ Chandrasekaran, B. (1990). What kind of information processing is intelligence? A perspective on AI paradigms and a proposal. In D. Partridge & R. Wilks (Eds.), The foundations of artificial intelligence: A sourcebook (pp. 14-46). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.■ Charniak, E., & McDermott, D. (1985). Introduction to artificial intelligence. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.■ Chase, W. G., & H. A. Simon (1988). The mind's eye in chess. In A. Collins & E. E. Smith (Eds.), Readings in cognitive science: A perspective from psychology and artificial intelligence (pp. 461-493). San Mateo, CA: Kaufmann.■ Cheney, D. L., & R. M. Seyfarth (1990). How monkeys see the world: Inside the mind of another species. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.■ Chi, M.T.H., R. Glaser & E. Rees (1982). Expertise in problem solving. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Advances in the psychology of human intelligence (pp. 7-73). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.■ Chomsky, N. (1957). Syntactic structures. The Hague: Mouton. Janua Linguarum.■ Chomsky, N. (1964). A transformational approach to syntax. In J. A. Fodor & J. J. Katz (Eds.), The structure of language: Readings in the philosophy of lan guage (pp. 211-245). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.■ Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the theory of syntax. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.■ Chomsky, N. (1972). Language and mind (enlarged ed.). New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.■ Chomsky, N. (1979). Language and responsibility. New York: Pantheon.■ Chomsky, N. (1986). Knowledge of language: Its nature, origin and use. New York: Praeger Special Studies.■ Churchland, P. (1979). Scientific realism and the plasticity of mind. New York: Cambridge University Press.■ Churchland, P. M. (1989). A neurocomputational perspective: The nature of mind and the structure of science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.■ Churchland, P. S. (1986). Neurophilosophy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.■ Clark, A. (1996). Philosophical Foundations. In M. A. Boden (Ed.), Artificial in telligence (2nd ed.). San Diego: Academic Press.■ Clark, H. H., & T. B. Carlson (1981). Context for comprehension. In J. Long & A. Baddeley (Eds.), Attention and performance (Vol. 9, pp. 313-330). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.■ Clarke, A. C. (1984). Profiles of the future: An inquiry into the limits of the possible. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.■ Claxton, G. (1980). Cognitive psychology: A suitable case for what sort of treatment? In G. Claxton (Ed.), Cognitive psychology: New directions (pp. 1-25). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.■ Code, M. (1985). Order and organism. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.■ Collingwood, R. G. (1972). The idea of history. New York: Oxford University Press.■ Coopersmith, S. (1967). The antecedents of self- esteem. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.■ Copland, A. (1952). Music and imagination. London: Oxford University Press.■ Coren, S. (1994). The intelligence of dogs. New York: Bantam Books.■ Cottingham, J. (Ed.) (1996). Western philosophy: An anthology. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.■ Cox, C. (1926). The early mental traits of three hundred geniuses. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.■ Craik, K.J.W. (1943). The nature of explanation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.■ Cronbach, L. J. (1990). Essentials of psychological testing (5th ed.). New York: HarperCollins.■ Cronbach, L. J., & R. E. Snow (1977). Aptitudes and instructional methods. New York: Irvington. Paperback edition, 1981.■ Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1993). The evolving self. New York: Harper Perennial.■ Culler, J. (1976). Ferdinand de Saussure. New York: Penguin Books.■ Curtius, E. R. (1973). European literature and the Latin Middle Ages. W. R. Trask (Trans.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.■ D'Alembert, J.L.R. (1963). Preliminary discourse to the encyclopedia of Diderot. R. N. Schwab (Trans.). Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill.■ Dampier, W. C. (1966). A history of modern science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.■ Darwin, C. (1911). The life and letters of Charles Darwin (Vol. 1). Francis Darwin (Ed.). New York: Appleton.■ Davidson, D. (1970) Mental events. In L. Foster & J. W. Swanson (Eds.), Experience and theory (pp. 79-101). Amherst: University of Massachussetts Press.■ Davies, P. (1995). About time: Einstein's unfinished revolution. New York: Simon & Schuster/Touchstone.■ Davis, R., & J. J. King (1977). An overview of production systems. In E. Elcock & D. Michie (Eds.), Machine intelligence 8. Chichester, England: Ellis Horwood.■ Davis, R., & D. B. Lenat (1982). Knowledge- based systems in artificial intelligence. New York: McGraw-Hill.■ Dawkins, R. (1982). The extended phenotype: The gene as the unit of selection. Oxford: W. H. Freeman.■ deKleer, J., & J. S. Brown (1983). Assumptions and ambiguities in mechanistic mental models (1983). In D. Gentner & A. L. Stevens (Eds.), Mental modes (pp. 155-190). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.■ Dennett, D. C. (1978a). Brainstorms: Philosophical essays on mind and psychology. Montgomery, VT: Bradford Books.■ Dennett, D. C. (1978b). Toward a cognitive theory of consciousness. In D. C. Dennett, Brainstorms: Philosophical Essays on Mind and Psychology. Montgomery, VT: Bradford Books.■ Dennett, D. C. (1995). Darwin's dangerous idea: Evolution and the meanings of life. New York: Simon & Schuster/Touchstone.■ Descartes, R. (1897-1910). Traite de l'homme. In Oeuvres de Descartes (Vol. 11, pp. 119-215). Paris: Charles Adam & Paul Tannery. (Originally published in 1634.)■ Descartes, R. (1950). Discourse on method. L. J. Lafleur (Trans.). New York: Liberal Arts Press. (Originally published in 1637.)■ Descartes, R. (1951). Meditation on first philosophy. L. J. Lafleur (Trans.). New York: Liberal Arts Press. (Originally published in 1641.)■ Descartes, R. (1955). The philosophical works of Descartes. E. S. Haldane and G.R.T. Ross (Trans.). New York: Dover. (Originally published in 1911 by Cambridge University Press.)■ Descartes, R. (1967). Discourse on method (Pt. V). In E. S. Haldane and G.R.T. Ross (Eds.), The philosophical works of Descartes (Vol. 1, pp. 106-118). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Originally published in 1637.)■ Descartes, R. (1970a). Discourse on method. In E. S. Haldane & G.R.T. Ross (Eds.), The philosophical works of Descartes (Vol. 1, pp. 181-200). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Originally published in 1637.)■ Descartes, R. (1970b). Principles of philosophy. In E. S. Haldane & G.R.T. Ross (Eds.), The philosophical works of Descartes (Vol. 1, pp. 178-291). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Originally published in 1644.)■ Descartes, R. (1984). Meditations on first philosophy. In J. Cottingham, R. Stoothoff & D. Murduch (Trans.), The philosophical works of Descartes (Vol. 2). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Originally published in 1641.)■ Descartes, R. (1986). Meditations on first philosophy. J. Cottingham (Trans.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Originally published in 1641 as Med itationes de prima philosophia.)■ deWulf, M. (1956). An introduction to scholastic philosophy. Mineola, NY: Dover Books.■ Dixon, N. F. (1981). Preconscious processing. London: Wiley.■ Doyle, A. C. (1986). The Boscombe Valley mystery. In Sherlock Holmes: The com plete novels and stories (Vol. 1). New York: Bantam.■ Dreyfus, H., & S. Dreyfus (1986). Mind over machine. New York: Free Press.■ Dreyfus, H. L. (1972). What computers can't do: The limits of artificial intelligence (revised ed.). New York: Harper & Row.■ Dreyfus, H. L., & S. E. Dreyfus (1986). Mind over machine: The power of human intuition and expertise in the era of the computer. New York: Free Press.■ Edelman, G. M. (1992). Bright air, brilliant fire: On the matter of the mind. New York: Basic Books.■ Ehrenzweig, A. (1967). The hidden order of art. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.■ Einstein, A., & L. Infeld (1938). The evolution of physics. New York: Simon & Schuster.■ Eisenstein, S. (1947). Film sense. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World.■ Everdell, W. R. (1997). The first moderns. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.■ Eysenck, M. W. (1977). Human memory: Theory, research and individual difference. Oxford: Pergamon.■ Eysenck, M. W. (1982). Attention and arousal: Cognition and performance. Berlin: Springer.■ Eysenck, M. W. (1984). A handbook of cognitive psychology. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.■ Fancher, R. E. (1979). Pioneers of psychology. New York: W. W. Norton.■ Farrell, B. A. (1981). The standing of psychoanalysis. New York: Oxford University Press.■ Feldman, D. H. (1980). Beyond universals in cognitive development. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.■ Fetzer, J. H. (1996). Philosophy and cognitive science (2nd ed.). New York: Paragon House.■ Finke, R. A. (1990). Creative imagery: Discoveries and inventions in visualization. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.■ Flanagan, O. (1991). The science of the mind. Cambridge MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.■ Fodor, J. (1983). The modularity of mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.■ Frege, G. (1972). Conceptual notation. T. W. Bynum (Trans.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. (Originally published in 1879.)■ Frege, G. (1979). Logic. In H. Hermes, F. Kambartel & F. Kaulbach (Eds.), Gottlob Frege: Posthumous writings. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Originally published in 1879-1891.)■ Freud, S. (1959). Creative writers and day-dreaming. In J. Strachey (Ed.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 9, pp. 143-153). London: Hogarth Press.■ Freud, S. (1966). Project for a scientific psychology. In J. Strachey (Ed.), The stan dard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 1, pp. 295-398). London: Hogarth Press. (Originally published in 1950 as Aus den AnfaЁngen der Psychoanalyse, in London by Imago Publishing.)■ Freud, S. (1976). Lecture 18-Fixation to traumas-the unconscious. In J. Strachey (Ed.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 16, p. 285). London: Hogarth Press.■ Galileo, G. (1990). Il saggiatore [The assayer]. In S. Drake (Ed.), Discoveries and opinions of Galileo. New York: Anchor Books. (Originally published in 1623.)■ Gassendi, P. (1970). Letter to Descartes. In "Objections and replies." In E. S. Haldane & G.R.T. Ross (Eds.), The philosophical works of Descartes (Vol. 2, pp. 179-240). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Originally published in 1641.)■ Gazzaniga, M. S. (1988). Mind matters: How mind and brain interact to create our conscious lives. Boston: Houghton Mifflin in association with MIT Press/Bradford Books.■ Genesereth, M. R., & N. J. Nilsson (1987). Logical foundations of artificial intelligence. Palo Alto, CA: Morgan Kaufmann.■ Ghiselin, B. (1952). The creative process. New York: Mentor.■ Ghiselin, B. (1985). The creative process. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. (Originally published in 1952.)■ Gilhooly, K. J. (1996). Thinking: Directed, undirected and creative (3rd ed.). London: Academic Press.■ Glass, A. L., K. J. Holyoak & J. L. Santa (1979). Cognition. Reading, MA: AddisonWesley.■ Goody, J. (1977). The domestication of the savage mind. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.■ Gruber, H. E. (1980). Darwin on man: A psychological study of scientific creativity (2nd ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.■ Gruber, H. E., & S. Davis (1988). Inching our way up Mount Olympus: The evolving systems approach to creative thinking. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), The nature of creativity: Contemporary psychological perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.■ Guthrie, E. R. (1972). The psychology of learning. New York: Harper. (Originally published in 1935.)■ Habermas, J. (1972). Knowledge and human interests. Boston: Beacon Press.■ Hadamard, J. (1945). The psychology of invention in the mathematical field. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.■ Hand, D. J. (1985). Artificial intelligence and psychiatry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.■ Harris, M. (1981). The language myth. London: Duckworth.■ Haugeland, J. (Ed.) (1981). Mind design: Philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.■ Haugeland, J. (1981a). The nature and plausibility of cognitivism. In J. Haugeland (Ed.), Mind design: Philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence (pp. 243-281). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.■ Haugeland, J. (1981b). Semantic engines: An introduction to mind design. In J. Haugeland (Ed.), Mind design: Philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence (pp. 1-34). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.■ Haugeland, J. (1985). Artificial intelligence: The very idea. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.■ Hawkes, T. (1977). Structuralism and semiotics. Berkeley: University of California Press.■ Hebb, D. O. (1949). The organisation of behaviour. New York: Wiley.■ Hebb, D. O. (1958). A textbook of psychology. Philadelphia: Saunders.■ Hegel, G.W.F. (1910). The phenomenology of mind. J. B. Baille (Trans.). London: Sonnenschein. (Originally published as Phaenomenologie des Geistes, 1807.)■ Heisenberg, W. (1958). Physics and philosophy. New York: Harper & Row.■ Hempel, C. G. (1966). Philosophy of natural science. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: PrenticeHall.■ Herman, A. (1997). The idea of decline in Western history. New York: Free Press.■ Herrnstein, R. J., & E. G. Boring (Eds.) (1965). A source book in the history of psy chology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.■ Herzmann, E. (1964). Mozart's creative process. In P. H. Lang (Ed.), The creative world of Mozart (pp. 17-30). London: Oldbourne Press.■ Hilgard, E. R. (1957). Introduction to psychology. London: Methuen.■ Hobbes, T. (1651). Leviathan. London: Crooke.■ Holliday, S. G., & M. J. Chandler (1986). Wisdom: Explorations in adult competence. Basel, Switzerland: Karger.■ Horn, J. L. (1986). In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Advances in the psychology of human intelligence (Vol. 3). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.■ Hull, C. (1943). Principles of behavior. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.■ Hume, D. (1955). An inquiry concerning human understanding. New York: Liberal Arts Press. (Originally published in 1748.)■ Hume, D. (1975). An enquiry concerning human understanding. In L. A. SelbyBigge (Ed.), Hume's enquiries (3rd. ed., revised P. H. Nidditch). Oxford: Clarendon. (Spelling and punctuation revised.) (Originally published in 1748.)■ Hume, D. (1978). A treatise of human nature. L. A. Selby-Bigge (Ed.), Hume's enquiries (3rd. ed., revised P. H. Nidditch). Oxford: Clarendon. (With some modifications of spelling and punctuation.) (Originally published in 1690.)■ Hunt, E. (1973). The memory we must have. In R. C. Schank & K. M. Colby (Eds.), Computer models of thought and language. (pp. 343-371) San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.■ Husserl, E. (1960). Cartesian meditations. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.■ Inhelder, B., & J. Piaget (1958). The growth of logical thinking from childhood to adolescence. New York: Basic Books. (Originally published in 1955 as De la logique de l'enfant a` la logique de l'adolescent. [Paris: Presses Universitaire de France])■ James, W. (1890a). The principles of psychology (Vol. 1). New York: Dover Books.■ James, W. (1890b). The principles of psychology. New York: Henry Holt.■ Jevons, W. S. (1900). The principles of science (2nd ed.). London: Macmillan.■ Johnson, G. (1986). Machinery of the mind: Inside the new science of artificial intelli gence. New York: Random House.■ Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1983). Mental models: Toward a cognitive science of language, inference, and consciousness. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.■ Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1988). The computer and the mind: An introduction to cognitive science. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.■ Jones, E. (1961). The life and work of Sigmund Freud. L. Trilling & S. Marcus (Eds.). London: Hogarth.■ Jones, R. V. (1985). Complementarity as a way of life. In A. P. French & P. J. Kennedy (Eds.), Niels Bohr: A centenary volume. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.■ Kant, I. (1933). Critique of Pure Reason (2nd ed.). N. K. Smith (Trans.). London: Macmillan. (Originally published in 1781 as Kritik der reinen Vernunft.)■ Kant, I. (1891). Solution of the general problems of the Prolegomena. In E. Belfort (Trans.), Kant's Prolegomena. London: Bell. (With minor modifications.) (Originally published in 1783.)■ Katona, G. (1940). Organizing and memorizing: Studies in the psychology of learning and teaching. New York: Columbia University Press.■ Kaufman, A. S. (1979). Intelligent testing with the WISC-R. New York: Wiley.■ Koestler, A. (1964). The act of creation. New York: Arkana (Penguin).■ Kohlberg, L. (1971). From is to ought. In T. Mischel (Ed.), Cognitive development and epistemology. (pp. 151-235) New York: Academic Press.■ KoЁhler, W. (1925). The mentality of apes. New York: Liveright.■ KoЁhler, W. (1927). The mentality of apes (2nd ed.). Ella Winter (Trans.). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.■ KoЁhler, W. (1930). Gestalt psychology. London: G. Bell.■ KoЁhler, W. (1947). Gestalt psychology. New York: Liveright.■ KoЁhler, W. (1969). The task of Gestalt psychology. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.■ Kuhn, T. (1970). The structure of scientific revolutions (2nd ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.■ Langer, E. J. (1989). Mindfulness. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.■ Langer, S. (1962). Philosophical sketches. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.■ Langley, P., H. A. Simon, G. L. Bradshaw & J. M. Zytkow (1987). Scientific dis covery: Computational explorations of the creative process. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.■ Lashley, K. S. (1951). The problem of serial order in behavior. In L. A. Jeffress (Ed.), Cerebral mechanisms in behavior, the Hixon Symposium (pp. 112-146) New York: Wiley.■ LeDoux, J. E., & W. Hirst (1986). Mind and brain: Dialogues in cognitive neuroscience. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.■ Lehnert, W. (1978). The process of question answering. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.■ Leiber, J. (1991). Invitation to cognitive science. Oxford: Blackwell.■ Lenat, D. B., & G. Harris (1978). Designing a rule system that searches for scientific discoveries. In D. A. Waterman & F. Hayes-Roth (Eds.), Pattern directed inference systems (pp. 25-52) New York: Academic Press.■ Levenson, T. (1995). Measure for measure: A musical history of science. New York: Touchstone. (Originally published in 1994.)■ Leґvi-Strauss, C. (1963). Structural anthropology. C. Jacobson & B. Grundfest Schoepf (Trans.). New York: Basic Books. (Originally published in 1958.)■ Levine, M. W., & J. M. Schefner (1981). Fundamentals of sensation and perception. London: Addison-Wesley.■ Lewis, C. I. (1946). An analysis of knowledge and valuation. LaSalle, IL: Open Court.■ Lighthill, J. (1972). A report on artificial intelligence. Unpublished manuscript, Science Research Council.■ Lipman, M., A. M. Sharp & F. S. Oscanyan (1980). Philosophy in the classroom. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.■ Lippmann, W. (1965). Public opinion. New York: Free Press. (Originally published in 1922.)■ Locke, J. (1956). An essay concerning human understanding. Chicago: Henry Regnery Co. (Originally published in 1690.)■ Locke, J. (1975). An essay concerning human understanding. P. H. Nidditch (Ed.). Oxford: Clarendon. (Originally published in 1690.) (With spelling and punctuation modernized and some minor modifications of phrasing.)■ Lopate, P. (1994). The art of the personal essay. New York: Doubleday/Anchor Books.■ Lorimer, F. (1929). The growth of reason. London: Kegan Paul. Machlup, F., & U. Mansfield (Eds.) (1983). The study of information. New York: Wiley.■ Manguel, A. (1996). A history of reading. New York: Viking.■ Markey, J. F. (1928). The symbolic process. London: Kegan Paul.■ Martin, R. M. (1969). On Ziff's "Natural and formal languages." In S. Hook (Ed.), Language and philosophy: A symposium (pp. 249-263). New York: New York University Press.■ Mazlish, B. (1993). The fourth discontinuity: the co- evolution of humans and machines. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.■ McCarthy, J., & P. J. Hayes (1969). Some philosophical problems from the standpoint of artificial intelligence. In B. Meltzer & D. Michie (Eds.), Machine intelligence 4. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.■ McClelland, J. L., D. E. Rumelhart & G. E. Hinton (1986). The appeal of parallel distributed processing. In D. E. Rumelhart, J. L. McClelland & the PDP Research Group (Eds.), Parallel distributed processing: Explorations in the mi crostructure of cognition (Vol. 1, pp. 3-40). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/ Bradford Books.■ McCorduck, P. (1979). Machines who think. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.■ McLaughlin, T. (1970). Music and communication. London: Faber & Faber.■ Mednick, S. A. (1962). The associative basis of the creative process. Psychological Review 69, 431-436.■ Meehl, P. E., & C. J. Golden (1982). Taxometric methods. In Kendall, P. C., & Butcher, J. N. (Eds.), Handbook of research methods in clinical psychology (pp. 127-182). New York: Wiley.■ Mehler, J., E.C.T. Walker & M. Garrett (Eds.) (1982). Perspectives on mental rep resentation: Experimental and theoretical studies of cognitive processes and ca pacities. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.■ Mill, J. S. (1900). A system of logic, ratiocinative and inductive: Being a connected view of the principles of evidence and the methods of scientific investigation. London: Longmans, Green.■ Miller, G. A. (1979, June). A very personal history. Talk to the Cognitive Science Workshop, Cambridge, MA.■ Miller, J. (1983). States of mind. New York: Pantheon Books.■ Minsky, M. (1975). A framework for representing knowledge. In P. H. Winston (Ed.), The psychology of computer vision (pp. 211-277). New York: McGrawHill.■ Minsky, M., & S. Papert (1973). Artificial intelligence. Condon Lectures, Oregon State System of Higher Education, Eugene, Oregon.■ Minsky, M. L. (1986). The society of mind. New York: Simon & Schuster.■ Mischel, T. (1976). Psychological explanations and their vicissitudes. In J. K. Cole & W. J. Arnold (Eds.), Nebraska Symposium on motivation (Vol. 23). Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Press.■ Morford, M.P.O., & R. J. Lenardon (1995). Classical mythology (5th ed.). New York: Longman.■ Murdoch, I. (1954). Under the net. New York: Penguin.■ Nagel, E. (1959). Methodological issues in psychoanalytic theory. In S. Hook (Ed.), Psychoanalysis, scientific method, and philosophy: A symposium. New York: New York University Press.■ Nagel, T. (1979). Mortal questions. London: Cambridge University Press.■ Nagel, T. (1986). The view from nowhere. Oxford: Oxford University Press.■ Neisser, U. (1967). Cognitive psychology. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.■ Neisser, U. (1972). Changing conceptions of imagery. In P. W. Sheehan (Ed.), The function and nature of imagery (pp. 233-251). London: Academic Press.■ Neisser, U. (1976). Cognition and reality. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.■ Neisser, U. (1978). Memory: What are the important questions? In M. M. Gruneberg, P. E. Morris & R. N. Sykes (Eds.), Practical aspects of memory (pp. 3-24). London: Academic Press.■ Neisser, U. (1979). The concept of intelligence. In R. J. Sternberg & D. K. Detterman (Eds.), Human intelligence: Perspectives on its theory and measurement (pp. 179-190). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.■ Nersessian, N. (1992). How do scientists think? Capturing the dynamics of conceptual change in science. In R. N. Giere (Ed.), Cognitive models of science (pp. 3-44). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.■ Newell, A. (1973a). Artificial intelligence and the concept of mind. In R. C. Schank & K. M. Colby (Eds.), Computer models of thought and language (pp. 1-60). San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.■ Newell, A. (1973b). You can't play 20 questions with nature and win. In W. G. Chase (Ed.), Visual information processing (pp. 283-310). New York: Academic Press.■ Newell, A., & H. A. Simon (1963). GPS: A program that simulates human thought. In E. A. Feigenbaum & J. Feldman (Eds.), Computers and thought (pp. 279-293). New York & McGraw-Hill.■ Newell, A., & H. A. Simon (1972). Human problem solving. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.■ Nietzsche, F. (1966). Beyond good and evil. W. Kaufmann (Trans.). New York: Vintage. (Originally published in 1885.)■ Nilsson, N. J. (1971). Problem- solving methods in artificial intelligence. New York: McGraw-Hill.■ Nussbaum, M. C. (1978). Aristotle's Princeton University Press. De Motu Anamalium. Princeton, NJ:■ Oersted, H. C. (1920). Thermo-electricity. In Kirstine Meyer (Ed.), H. C. Oersted, Natuurvidenskabelige Skrifter (Vol. 2). Copenhagen: n.p. (Originally published in 1830 in The Edinburgh encyclopaedia.)■ Ong, W. J. (1982). Orality and literacy: The technologizing of the word. London: Methuen.■ Onians, R. B. (1954). The origins of European thought. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.■ Osgood, C. E. (1960). Method and theory in experimental psychology. New York: Oxford University Press. (Originally published in 1953.)■ Osgood, C. E. (1966). Language universals and psycholinguistics. In J. H. Greenberg (Ed.), Universals of language (2nd ed., pp. 299-322). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.■ Palmer, R. E. (1969). Hermeneutics. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.■ Peirce, C. S. (1934). Some consequences of four incapacities-Man, a sign. In C. Hartsborne & P. Weiss (Eds.), Collected papers of Charles Saunders Peirce (Vol. 5, pp. 185-189). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.■ Penfield, W. (1959). In W. Penfield & L. Roberts, Speech and brain mechanisms. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.■ Penrose, R. (1994). Shadows of the mind: A search for the missing science of conscious ness. Oxford: Oxford University Press.■ Perkins, D. N. (1981). The mind's best work. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.■ Peterfreund, E. (1986). The heuristic approach to psychoanalytic therapy. In■ J. Reppen (Ed.), Analysts at work, (pp. 127-144). Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press.■ Piaget, J. (1952). The origin of intelligence in children. New York: International Universities Press. (Originally published in 1936.)■ Piaget, J. (1954). Le langage et les opeґrations intellectuelles. Proble` mes de psycho linguistique. Symposium de l'Association de Psychologie Scientifique de Langue Francёaise. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.■ Piaget, J. (1977). Problems of equilibration. In H. E. Gruber & J. J. Voneche (Eds.), The essential Piaget (pp. 838-841). London: Routlege & Kegan Paul. (Originally published in 1975 as L'eґquilibration des structures cognitives [Paris: Presses Universitaires de France].)■ Piaget, J., & B. Inhelder. (1973). Memory and intelligence. New York: Basic Books.■ Pinker, S. (1994). The language instinct. New York: Morrow.■ Pinker, S. (1996). Facts about human language relevant to its evolution. In J.-P. Changeux & J. Chavaillon (Eds.), Origins of the human brain. A symposium of the Fyssen foundation (pp. 262-283). Oxford: Clarendon Press. Planck, M. (1949). Scientific autobiography and other papers. F. Gaynor (Trans.). New York: Philosophical Library.■ Planck, M. (1990). Wissenschaftliche Selbstbiographie. W. Berg (Ed.). Halle, Germany: Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina.■ Plato (1892). Meno. In The Dialogues of Plato (B. Jowett, Trans.; Vol. 2). New York: Clarendon. (Originally published circa 380 B.C.)■ Poincareґ, H. (1913). Mathematical creation. In The foundations of science. G. B. Halsted (Trans.). New York: Science Press.■ Poincareґ, H. (1921). The foundations of science: Science and hypothesis, the value of science, science and method. G. B. Halstead (Trans.). New York: Science Press.■ Poincareґ, H. (1929). The foundations of science: Science and hypothesis, the value of science, science and method. New York: Science Press.■ Poincareґ, H. (1952). Science and method. F. Maitland (Trans.) New York: Dover.■ Polya, G. (1945). How to solve it. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.■ Polanyi, M. (1958). Personal knowledge. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.■ Popper, K. (1968). Conjectures and refutations: The growth of scientific knowledge. New York: Harper & Row/Basic Books.■ Popper, K., & J. Eccles (1977). The self and its brain. New York: Springer-Verlag.■ Popper, K. R. (1959). The logic of scientific discovery. London: Hutchinson.■ Putnam, H. (1975). Mind, language and reality: Philosophical papers (Vol. 2). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.■ Putnam, H. (1987). The faces of realism. LaSalle, IL: Open Court.■ Pylyshyn, Z. W. (1981). The imagery debate: Analog media versus tacit knowledge. In N. Block (Ed.), Imagery (pp. 151-206). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.■ Pylyshyn, Z. W. (1984). Computation and cognition: Towards a foundation for cog nitive science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.■ Quillian, M. R. (1968). Semantic memory. In M. Minsky (Ed.), Semantic information processing (pp. 216-260). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.■ Quine, W.V.O. (1960). Word and object. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.■ Rabbitt, P.M.A., & S. Dornic (Eds.). Attention and performance (Vol. 5). London: Academic Press.■ Rawlins, G.J.E. (1997). Slaves of the Machine: The quickening of computer technology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.■ Reid, T. (1970). An inquiry into the human mind on the principles of common sense. In R. Brown (Ed.), Between Hume and Mill: An anthology of British philosophy- 1749- 1843 (pp. 151-178). New York: Random House/Modern Library.■ Reitman, W. (1970). What does it take to remember? In D. A. Norman (Ed.), Models of human memory (pp. 470-510). London: Academic Press.■ Ricoeur, P. (1974). Structure and hermeneutics. In D. I. Ihde (Ed.), The conflict of interpretations: Essays in hermeneutics (pp. 27-61). Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.■ Robinson, D. N. (1986). An intellectual history of psychology. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.■ Rorty, R. (1979). Philosophy and the mirror of nature. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.■ Rosch, E. (1977). Human categorization. In N. Warren (Ed.), Studies in cross cultural psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 1-49) London: Academic Press.■ Rosch, E. (1978). Principles of categorization. In E. Rosch & B. B. Lloyd (Eds.), Cognition and categorization (pp. 27-48). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.■ Rosch, E., & B. B. Lloyd (1978). Principles of categorization. In E. Rosch & B. B. Lloyd (Eds.), Cognition and categorization. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.■ Rose, S. (1970). The chemistry of life. Baltimore: Penguin Books.■ Rose, S. (1976). The conscious brain (updated ed.). New York: Random House.■ Rose, S. (1993). The making of memory: From molecules to mind. New York: Anchor Books. (Originally published in 1992)■ Roszak, T. (1994). The cult of information: A neo- Luddite treatise on high- tech, artificial intelligence, and the true art of thinking (2nd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press.■ Royce, J. R., & W. W. Rozeboom (Eds.) (1972). The psychology of knowing. New York: Gordon & Breach.■ Rumelhart, D. E. (1977). Introduction to human information processing. New York: Wiley.■ Rumelhart, D. E. (1980). Schemata: The building blocks of cognition. In R. J. Spiro, B. Bruce & W. F. Brewer (Eds.), Theoretical issues in reading comprehension. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.■ Rumelhart, D. E., & J. L. McClelland (1986). On learning the past tenses of English verbs. In J. L. McClelland & D. E. Rumelhart (Eds.), Parallel distributed processing: Explorations in the microstructure of cognition (Vol. 2). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.■ Rumelhart, D. E., P. Smolensky, J. L. McClelland & G. E. Hinton (1986). Schemata and sequential thought processes in PDP models. In J. L. McClelland, D. E. Rumelhart & the PDP Research Group (Eds.), Parallel Distributed Processing (Vol. 2, pp. 7-57). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.■ Russell, B. (1927). An outline of philosophy. London: G. Allen & Unwin.■ Russell, B. (1961). History of Western philosophy. London: George Allen & Unwin.■ Russell, B. (1965). How I write. In Portraits from memory and other essays. London: Allen & Unwin.■ Russell, B. (1992). In N. Griffin (Ed.), The selected letters of Bertrand Russell (Vol. 1), The private years, 1884- 1914. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Ryecroft, C. (1966). Psychoanalysis observed. London: Constable.■ Sagan, C. (1978). The dragons of Eden: Speculations on the evolution of human intel ligence. New York: Ballantine Books.■ Salthouse, T. A. (1992). Expertise as the circumvention of human processing limitations. In K. A. Ericsson & J. Smith (Eds.), Toward a general theory of expertise: Prospects and limits (pp. 172-194). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.■ Sanford, A. J. (1987). The mind of man: Models of human understanding. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.■ Sapir, E. (1921). Language. New York: Harcourt, Brace, and World.■ Sapir, E. (1964). Culture, language, and personality. Berkeley: University of California Press. (Originally published in 1941.)■ Sapir, E. (1985). The status of linguistics as a science. In D. G. Mandelbaum (Ed.), Selected writings of Edward Sapir in language, culture and personality (pp. 160166). Berkeley: University of California Press. (Originally published in 1929).■ Scardmalia, M., & C. Bereiter (1992). Literate expertise. In K. A. Ericsson & J. Smith (Eds.), Toward a general theory of expertise: Prospects and limits (pp. 172-194). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.■ Schafer, R. (1954). Psychoanalytic interpretation in Rorschach testing. New York: Grune & Stratten.■ Schank, R. C. (1973). Identification of conceptualizations underlying natural language. In R. C. Schank & K. M. Colby (Eds.), Computer models of thought and language (pp. 187-248). San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.■ Schank, R. C. (1976). The role of memory in language processing. In C. N. Cofer (Ed.), The structure of human memory. (pp. 162-189) San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.■ Schank, R. C. (1986). Explanation patterns: Understanding mechanically and creatively. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.■ Schank, R. C., & R. P. Abelson (1977). Scripts, plans, goals, and understanding. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.■ SchroЁdinger, E. (1951). Science and humanism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.■ Searle, J. R. (1981a). Minds, brains, and programs. In J. Haugeland (Ed.), Mind design: Philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence (pp. 282-306). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.■ Searle, J. R. (1981b). Minds, brains and programs. In D. Hofstadter & D. Dennett (Eds.), The mind's I (pp. 353-373). New York: Basic Books.■ Searle, J. R. (1983). Intentionality. New York: Cambridge University Press.■ Serres, M. (1982). The origin of language: Biology, information theory, and thermodynamics. M. Anderson (Trans.). In J. V. Harari & D. F. Bell (Eds.), Hermes: Literature, science, philosophy (pp. 71-83). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.■ Simon, H. A. (1966). Scientific discovery and the psychology of problem solving. In R. G. Colodny (Ed.), Mind and cosmos: Essays in contemporary science and philosophy (pp. 22-40). Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.■ Simon, H. A. (1979). Models of thought. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.■ Simon, H. A. (1989). The scientist as a problem solver. In D. Klahr & K. Kotovsky (Eds.), Complex information processing: The impact of Herbert Simon. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.■ Simon, H. A., & C. Kaplan (1989). Foundations of cognitive science. In M. Posner (Ed.), Foundations of cognitive science (pp. 1-47). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.■ Simonton, D. K. (1988). Creativity, leadership and chance. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), The nature of creativity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.■ Skinner, B. F. (1974). About behaviorism. New York: Knopf.■ Smith, E. E. (1988). Concepts and thought. In J. Sternberg & E. E. Smith (Eds.), The psychology of human thought (pp. 19-49). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.■ Smith, E. E. (1990). Thinking: Introduction. In D. N. Osherson & E. E. Smith (Eds.), Thinking. An invitation to cognitive science. (Vol. 3, pp. 1-2). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.■ Socrates. (1958). Meno. In E. H. Warmington & P. O. Rouse (Eds.), Great dialogues of Plato W.H.D. Rouse (Trans.). New York: New American Library. (Original publication date unknown.)■ Solso, R. L. (1974). Theories of retrieval. In R. L. Solso (Ed.), Theories in cognitive psychology. Potomac, MD: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.■ Spencer, H. (1896). The principles of psychology. New York: Appleton-CenturyCrofts.■ Steiner, G. (1975). After Babel: Aspects of language and translation. New York: Oxford University Press.■ Sternberg, R. J. (1977). Intelligence, information processing, and analogical reasoning. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.■ Sternberg, R. J. (1994). Intelligence. In R. J. Sternberg, Thinking and problem solving. San Diego: Academic Press.■ Sternberg, R. J., & J. E. Davidson (1985). Cognitive development in gifted and talented. In F. D. Horowitz & M. O'Brien (Eds.), The gifted and talented (pp. 103-135). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.■ Storr, A. (1993). The dynamics of creation. New York: Ballantine Books. (Originally published in 1972.)■ Stumpf, S. E. (1994). Philosophy: History and problems (5th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.■ Sulloway, F. J. (1996). Born to rebel: Birth order, family dynamics, and creative lives. New York: Random House/Vintage Books.■ Thorndike, E. L. (1906). Principles of teaching. New York: A. G. Seiler.■ Thorndike, E. L. (1970). Animal intelligence: Experimental studies. Darien, CT: Hafner Publishing Co. (Originally published in 1911.)■ Titchener, E. B. (1910). A textbook of psychology. New York: Macmillan.■ Titchener, E. B. (1914). A primer of psychology. New York: Macmillan.■ Toulmin, S. (1957). The philosophy of science. London: Hutchinson.■ Tulving, E. (1972). Episodic and semantic memory. In E. Tulving & W. Donaldson (Eds.), Organisation of memory. London: Academic Press.■ Turing, A. (1946). In B. E. Carpenter & R. W. Doran (Eds.), ACE reports of 1946 and other papers. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.■ Turkle, S. (1984). Computers and the second self: Computers and the human spirit. New York: Simon & Schuster.■ Tyler, S. A. (1978). The said and the unsaid: Mind, meaning, and culture. New York: Academic Press.■ van Heijenoort (Ed.) (1967). From Frege to Goedel. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.■ Varela, F. J. (1984). The creative circle: Sketches on the natural history of circularity. In P. Watzlawick (Ed.), The invented reality (pp. 309-324). New York: W. W. Norton.■ Voltaire (1961). On the Penseґs of M. Pascal. In Philosophical letters (pp. 119-146). E. Dilworth (Trans.). Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill.■ Wagman, M. (1991a). Artificial intelligence and human cognition: A theoretical inter comparison of two realms of intellect. Westport, CT: Praeger.■ Wagman, M. (1991b). Cognitive science and concepts of mind: Toward a general theory of human and artificial intelligence. Westport, CT: Praeger.■ Wagman, M. (1993). Cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence: Theory and re search in cognitive science. Westport, CT: Praeger.■ Wagman, M. (1995). The sciences of cognition: Theory and research in psychology and artificial intelligence. Westport, CT: Praeger.■ Wagman, M. (1996). Human intellect and cognitive science: Toward a general unified theory of intelligence. Westport, CT: Praeger.■ Wagman, M. (1997a). Cognitive science and the symbolic operations of human and artificial intelligence: Theory and research into the intellective processes. Westport, CT: Praeger.■ Wagman, M. (1997b). The general unified theory of intelligence: Central conceptions and specific application to domains of cognitive science. Westport, CT: Praeger.■ Wagman, M. (1998a). Cognitive science and the mind- body problem: From philosophy to psychology to artificial intelligence to imaging of the brain. Westport, CT: Praeger.■ Wagman, M. (1998b). Language and thought in humans and computers: Theory and research in psychology, artificial intelligence, and neural science. Westport, CT: Praeger.■ Wagman, M. (1998c). The ultimate objectives of artificial intelligence: Theoretical and research foundations, philosophical and psychological implications. Westport, CT: Praeger.■ Wagman, M. (1999). The human mind according to artificial intelligence: Theory, re search, and implications. Westport, CT: Praeger.■ Wagman, M. (2000). Scientific discovery processes in humans and computers: Theory and research in psychology and artificial intelligence. Westport, CT: Praeger.■ Wall, R. (1972). Introduction to mathematical linguistics. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.■ Wallas, G. (1926). The Art of Thought. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co.■ Wason, P. (1977). Self contradictions. In P. Johnson-Laird & P. Wason (Eds.), Thinking: Readings in cognitive science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.■ Wason, P. C., & P. N. Johnson-Laird. (1972). Psychology of reasoning: Structure and content. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.■ Watson, J. (1930). Behaviorism. New York: W. W. Norton.■ Watzlawick, P. (1984). Epilogue. In P. Watzlawick (Ed.), The invented reality. New York: W. W. Norton, 1984.■ Weinberg, S. (1977). The first three minutes: A modern view of the origin of the uni verse. New York: Basic Books.■ Weisberg, R. W. (1986). Creativity: Genius and other myths. New York: W. H. Freeman.■ Weizenbaum, J. (1976). Computer power and human reason: From judgment to cal culation. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.■ Wertheimer, M. (1945). Productive thinking. New York: Harper & Bros.■ Whitehead, A. N. (1925). Science and the modern world. New York: Macmillan.■ Whorf, B. L. (1956). In J. B. Carroll (Ed.), Language, thought and reality: Selected writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.■ Whyte, L. L. (1962). The unconscious before Freud. New York: Anchor Books.■ Wiener, N. (1954). The human use of human beings. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.■ Wiener, N. (1964). God & Golem, Inc.: A comment on certain points where cybernetics impinges on religion. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.■ Winograd, T. (1972). Understanding natural language. New York: Academic Press.■ Winston, P. H. (1987). Artificial intelligence: A perspective. In E. L. Grimson & R. S. Patil (Eds.), AI in the 1980s and beyond (pp. 1-12). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.■ Winston, P. H. (Ed.) (1975). The psychology of computer vision. New York: McGrawHill.■ Wittgenstein, L. (1953). Philosophical investigations. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.■ Wittgenstein, L. (1958). The blue and brown books. New York: Harper Colophon.■ Woods, W. A. (1975). What's in a link: Foundations for semantic networks. In D. G. Bobrow & A. Collins (Eds.), Representations and understanding: Studies in cognitive science (pp. 35-84). New York: Academic Press.■ Woodworth, R. S. (1938). Experimental psychology. New York: Holt; London: Methuen (1939).■ Wundt, W. (1904). Principles of physiological psychology (Vol. 1). E. B. Titchener (Trans.). New York: Macmillan.■ Wundt, W. (1907). Lectures on human and animal psychology. J. E. Creighton & E. B. Titchener (Trans.). New York: Macmillan.■ Young, J. Z. (1978). Programs of the brain. New York: Oxford University Press.■ Ziman, J. (1978). Reliable knowledge: An exploration of the grounds for belief in science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Bibliography
-
15 cours
cours [kuʀ]masculine noun• faire or donner un cours sur to give a class (or lecture or course) on• qui vous fait cours en anglais ? who takes you for English?• donner/prendre des cours particuliers to give/have private lessonsb. ( = enseignement) class• cours préparatoire/élémentaire/moyen first/second or third/fourth or fifth year in primary schoolc. ( = établissement) schoold. [de rivière] avoir un cours rapide to be fast-flowing• sur une partie de son cours on or along part of its coursee. [de valeurs, matières premières] price ; [de devises] rate• avoir cours [monnaie] to be legal tenderf. ( = déroulement) course• c'est en cours de réparation/réfection it's being repaired/rebuilt* * *kuʀnom masculin invariable1) ( session d'enseignement) École lesson, class; Université class; ( magistral) lecture; ( hors cadre scolaire) class; ( en privé) lesson; ( ensemble de sessions) coursesuivre un cours — to do ou take a course
faire un cours sur quelque chose — ( une fois) to give a class in something; ( plusieurs fois) to teach a course in something
donner des cours de français — ( dans l'enseignement) to teach French; ( en privé) to give French lessons
3) ( établissement) schoolavoir cours — Finance [monnaie] to be legal tender; fig [théorie, pratique] to be current; [terme] to be used
ne plus avoir cours — Finance [monnaie] to be no longer legal tender; fig [théorie, pratique] to be no longer accepted; [terme] to be no longer used
5) ( de rivière) ( parcours) course; ( débit) flow6) ( enchaînement) (de récit, carrière, d'événements) course; ( d'idées) flowdonner libre cours à — to give free rein to [imagination]; to give way to [peine]; to give vent to [colère]
au or dans le cours de — in the course of, during
en cours — [mois, semaine, année] current; [processus, projet] under way (après n); [travail, négociations, changements] in progress (après n)
en cours de journée/saison — in the course of the day/season
en cours de fabrication/rénovation — in the process of being manufactured/renovated
le pont en cours de construction — the bridge being built ou under construction
•Phrasal Verbs:* * *kuʀ nm1) (= leçon) classLe professeur d'anglais l'a surpris en train de faire ses maths pendant son cours. — The English teacher caught him doing his maths during his class.
2) (= série de leçons) course3) (= cheminement) course4) (= écoulement) flow5) (= avenue) walk6) COMMERCE, BOURSE, [action, dollar, devise] ratedonner libre cours à — to give free expression to, [imagination] to give free rein to
avoir cours [monnaie] — to be legal tender, figto be current, (à l'école) to have a class, (à l'université) to have a lecture
au cours de — in the course of, during
Il a été réveillé trois fois au cours de la nuit. — He was woken up three times during the night.
* * *cours nm inv1 ( session d'enseignement) Scol lesson, class; Univ class; ( magistral) lecture; ( hors cadre scolaire) class; ( en privé) lesson; ( ensemble de sessions) course; avoir cours to have a class; je n'ai pas cours demain I haven't got any lessons ou classes tomorrow; prendre des cours de qch to take classes in sth; tu devrais prendre des cours de diction you should go to elocution classes; suivre un cours to do ou take a course; il prend des cours d'espagnol he's taking Spanish lessons; je suis un cours de secrétariat/cuisine/littérature I'm doing ou taking a secretarial/cookery/literature course; je suis les cours du professeur X I'm attending Professor X's lectures; le professeur X a publié son cours sur la traduction Professor X has published his/her course of lectures on translation; faire cours to teach; qui vous fait cours en maths? who teaches you maths GB ou math US?; faire un cours sur qch ( une fois) to give a class in sth; ( plusieurs fois) to teach a course in sth; il nous a fait un véritable cours sur la gastronomie he gave us a real lecture on gastronomy; donner des cours de français/piano ( dans l'enseignement) to teach French/piano; ( en privé) to give French/piano lessons;3 ( établissement) school; cours de théâtre drama school;4 Fin ( taux de négociation) (de denrée, valeur) price; ( de devise) exchange rate; le cours du change the exchange rate; le cours du dollar the price of the dollar; cours légal official exchange rate; les cours boursiers or de la Bourse Stock Exchange prices; le cours du marché the market price; acheter qch au cours des halles to buy sth at wholesale market price; cours d'ouverture/de clôture or fermeture opening/closing price; avoir cours Fin [monnaie] to be legal tender; fig [théorie, pratique] to be current; [terme, expression] to be used; ne plus avoir cours Fin [monnaie] to be no longer legal tender; fig [théorie, pratique] to be no longer accepted; [terme, expression] to be no longer used;5 ( de rivière) ( parcours) course; ( débit) flow; détourner le cours d'une rivière to divert the course of a river; avoir un cours lent/rapide to flow slowly/quickly; fleuve au cours rapide fast-flowing river; descendre/remonter le cours d'une rivière to go down/to go up a river;6 ( enchaînement) (de récit, conflit, carrière, maladie) course; ( d'idées) flow; ( d'événements) course; les choses suivent tranquillement leur cours things are quietly taking their course; le cours des choses the course of events; reprendre son cours to resume; la vie reprend son cours life returns to normal; la sonnerie interrompit le cours de mes pensées the bell interrupted my train of thought; donner libre cours à to give free rein to [imagination, fantaisie]; to give way to [peine, douleur]; to give vent to [colère, indignation]; au or dans le cours de in the course of, during; dans le cours du mois prochain in the course of next month; dans le cours du mois within the month; en cours [mois, semaine, année] current; [processus, projet] under way ( après n); [travail, négociations, changements] in progress ( après n); en cours de journée/saison/séance in the course of the day/season/session; en cours de fabrication/rénovation in the process of being manufactured/renovated; le pont en cours de construction the bridge being built ou under construction; le pont est en cours de construction the bridge is under construction ou in the process of being built; en cours de route along the way; rajoutez un peu d'eau en cours de cuisson add some water during the cooking.cours accéléré crash course; cours de compensation Fin mark-up price; cours d'eau watercourse; cours élémentaire deuxième année, CE2 third year of primary school, age 8-9; cours élémentaire première année, CE1 second year of primary school, age 7-8; cours intensif intensive course; cours magistral Univ lecture; cours moyen deuxième année, CM2 fifth year of primary school, age 10-11; cours moyen première année, CM1 fourth year of primary school, age 9-10; cours d'initiation introductory course; cours intensif intensive course; cours par correspondance correspondence course; suivre des cours par correspondance to take a correspondence course; cours particulier(s) private tuition ¢ GB, private tutoring ¢ US (en, de in); donner/suivre des cours particuliers to give/to have private tuition ou lessons; cours de perfectionnement improvers' course; cours préparatoire, CP Scol first year of primary school, age 6-7; cours de rattrapage remedial course; cours de remise à niveau refresher course; cours du soir evening class.[kur] nom masculinA.[ÉCOULEMENT, SUCCESSION]1. GÉOGRAPHIE [débit] flow[parcours] coursea. [ruisseau] streamb. [rivière] river2. [déroulement - des années, des saisons, de pensées] course ; [ - d'événements] course, run ; [ - de négociations, d'une maladie, de travaux] course, progressdonner ou laisser (libre) cours àa. [joie, indignation] to give vent tob. [imagination, chagrin] to give free rein tosuivre son cours [processus] to continueen suivant/remontant le cours du temps going forward/back in time3. [dans des noms de rue] avenueB.[DANS LE DOMAINE FINANCIER]1. [de devises] ratecours des devises ou du change foreign exchange rate ou rate of exchangea. [monnaie] to be legal tender ou legal currencyb. [pratique] to be commonavoir cours légal to be legal tender ou a legal currencya. [monnaie] to be out of circulation, to be no longer legal tender ou a legal currencyb. [pratique, théorie] to be obsoletec. [expression, terme] to be obsolete ou no longer in useau cours du marché at the market ou trading pricepremier cours, cours d'ouverture opening pricedernier cours, cours de clôture closing priceC.[DANS LE DOMAINE SCOLAIRE ET UNIVERSITAIRE][ensemble des leçons] coursesuivre un cours ou des cours d'espagnol to go to ou to attend a Spanish classprendre des cours to take lessons ou a coursej'ai cours tout à l'heure [élève, professeur] I have a class laterj'ai cours tous les jours [élève, professeur] I have classes every daytu ne vas pas me faire un cours sur la politesse? are you going to give me a lecture on how to be polite?donner/prendre des cours particuliers to give/to have private tuition[notes] notes3. [degré - dans l'enseignement primaire]4. [établissement] school————————au cours de locution prépositionnelle————————en cours locution adjectivale[actuel]l'année/le tarif en cours the current year/priceaffaire/travail en cours business/work in handêtre en cours [débat, réunion, travaux] to be under way, to be in progress————————en cours de locution prépositionnelleen cours de réparation in the process of being repaired, undergoing repairs -
16 Unterricht
m; -(e)s, kein Pl.; PÄD. instruction, teaching; (Stunden) lessons Pl.; Schule: auch classes Pl.; Unterricht geben teach, give lessons; Schule: auch hold classes; Unterricht nehmen have lessons(in + Dat in); der Unterricht in Deutsch / Informatik etc. German / IT lessons ( oder classes); der Unterricht beginnt / endet um classes Pl. begin / end at; morgen fällt der Unterricht aus there will be no classes ( oder lessons) tomorrow; in einem bestimmten Fach: there will be no class ( oder lesson) tomorrow; es fällt zuviel Unterricht aus too much teaching time is being lost; ( regelmäßig) am Unterricht teilnehmen take part (regularly) in classes ( oder lessons); den Unterricht stören be a nuisance in class; dem Unterricht fernbleiben stay away from class ( oder lessons); den Unterricht schwänzen umg. play truant; jemanden krank aus dem Unterricht entlassen excuse s.o. from class ( oder lessons) because they are ill; jemandes Unterricht übernehmen oder vertreten take over s.o.’s class; guter / schlechter Unterricht good / bad teaching* * *der Unterricht(Belehrung) teaching; instruction; tuition; education;(Schulstunden) lessons; classes* * *Ụn|ter|richt ['ʊntɐrɪçt]m -(e)s, no pllessons pl, classes pltheoretischer/praktischer Unterricht — theoretical/practical instruction or classes
in etw (dat) sth)Unterricht in Mathematik/Englisch — maths/English lessons or classes
* * *der1) (the act of instructing (especially in a school subject or a skill) or the process of being instructed: She sometimes gives instruction in gymnastics.) instruction2) (teaching, especially private: he gives music tuition / tuition in music.) tuition* * *Un·ter·richt<-[e]s, -e>[ˈʊntɐrɪçt]m pl selten lessontheoretischer/praktischer \Unterricht theoretical/practical classesim Sommer beginnt der \Unterricht um zehn vor acht in summer lessons begin at ten to eightdem \Unterricht fernbleiben to play truancy [or AM hook[e]y]bei jdm \Unterricht haben to have lessons with sbbei wem haben wir nächste Stunde \Unterricht? who's our next lesson with?im \Unterricht sein to be in a lessonheute fällt der \Unterricht in Mathe aus there will be no maths lesson today* * *der; Unterricht[e]s, Unterrichte instruction; (SchulUnterricht) teaching; (Schulstunden) classes pl.; lessons pl.jemandem Unterricht [in Musik usw.] geben — give somebody [music etc.] lessons; teach somebody [music]
* * *Unterricht m; -(e)s, kein pl; SCHULE instruction, teaching; (Stunden) lessons pl; SCHULE auch classes pl;Unterricht nehmen have lessons(in +dat in);der Unterricht beginnt/endet um classes pl begin/end at;morgen fällt der Unterricht aus there will be no classes ( oder lessons) tomorrow; in einem bestimmten Fach: there will be no class ( oder lesson) tomorrow;es fällt zu viel Unterricht aus too much teaching time is being lost;(regelmäßig) am Unterricht teilnehmen take part (regularly) in classes ( oder lessons);den Unterricht stören be a nuisance in class;dem Unterricht fernbleiben stay away from class ( oder lessons);den Unterricht schwänzen umg play truant;jemanden krank aus dem Unterricht ent excuse sb from class ( oder lessons) because they are ill;vertreten take over sb’s class;guter/schlechter Unterricht good/bad teaching* * *der; Unterricht[e]s, Unterrichte instruction; (SchulUnterricht) teaching; (Schulstunden) classes pl.; lessons pl.jemandem Unterricht [in Musik usw.] geben — give somebody [music etc.] lessons; teach somebody [music]
* * *m.classes n.education n.instruction n.lessons n.teaching n.tuition n. -
17 formación
f.1 formation, creation, constitution.2 formation, training, education, up-bringing.3 formation, line-up, order.* * *1 (gen) formation2 (educación) upbringing3 (enseñanza) education, training\en formación MILITAR in formationformación musical musical trainingformación profesional vocational trainingformación universitaria university education* * *noun f.1) formation2) training* * *SF1) (=creación) [gen] formationpara prevenir la formación de hielo — to prevent ice (from) forming, to prevent the formation of ice frm
la Europa que está en formación — the Europe that is taking shape o that is in formation
2) (=aprendizaje) [en un campo concreto] training; [en conocimientos teóricos] educationtenía una formación musical clásica — she trained as a classical musician, she had a classical musical training
se nota que tiene formación universitaria — you can tell he's had a university education o background
formación laboral, formación ocupacional — occupational training
3) (=grupo) [político] party; [militar] group; [musical] group, band; [de jugadores] squad4) (Mil)en formación de combate — in battle o combat formation
5) (Geol, Bot) formation* * *1) (de rocas, gobierno, palabras) formation2) (Geol) (conjunto, masa) formation3) (Mil) formation4) ( educación recibida) education; ( para trabajo) training•* * *= formation, instruction, training, schooling, coaching, fashioning, seasoning, grooming, upbringing.Ex. In 1970 she pointed to inconsistencies in the formation and arrangement of headings, the presence of useless ones, and variations in actual practice from what is thought to be practiced.Ex. Probably in most libraries instruction in library use and the use of information retrieval tools needs to be available in a number of different modes.Ex. The user must become familiar with the facilities of this search software, and therefore may need more training than that which might be necessary for the retrieval of information in a data base which has been indexed with a controlled indexing language.Ex. Some people with little schooling do use the library, and for valuable purposes but they are more of an exception than the rule.Ex. Proofreaders are trained by coaching, as are editors.Ex. The university is a major force in the fashioning of the constantly changing urban way of life.Ex. All the artists were influenced by their seasoning as commercial illustrators.Ex. Let's face it, personal grooming is the key to success, in business or in your social life.Ex. Children in modern society are faced with a ceaseless stream of new ideas, and responsibility for their upbringing has generally moved from parents to childminders and teachers.----* área de formación = teaching unit.* beca de formación = in-service training.* bibliotecario encargado de la formación de usuarios = instruction librarian.* con cierta formación = educated.* con la formación adecuada = adequately-trained.* conseguir una buena formación en = get + a good grounding on.* con una formación tecnológica digital = digitally-oriented.* curso de formación = training course.* curso de formación continua = continuing education course.* departamento de formación = teaching unit.* escuela de formación = training school.* escuela de formación profesional = vocational school.* formación académica = academic background, formal education.* formación básica en tecnología = technical literacy.* formación continua = continuing education (CE), continuous education, continuing training, continuing professional development, continuing professional education, professional development.* formación continuada = continuing education (CE), continuing training.* formación continua del personal = staff development.* formación continua en el trabajo = workplace training, workplace learning.* formación continua en medicina = CME (Continuing Medical Education).* formación de ampollas = blistering.* formación de burbujas = blistering.* formación de grumos = caking.* formación de grupos de presión = lobbying representation.* formación de hielo = icing.* formación de la colección = collection building.* formación del personal = staff training, professional development.* formación del profesorado = teacher-training, teacher education.* formación de padres = parenting, parenting education.* formación de piquetes = picketing.* formación de postgrado = postgraduate education, postgraduate training.* formación de profesorado en prácticas = in-service teacher training.* formación de un núcleo = nucleation.* formación de usuarios = information literacy, library instruction, information skills, library user education, bibliographic instruction (BI), user education, library user training, user instruction, user training, patron instruction, reader education.* formación documental = information education.* formación en diferentes tareas = cross-training [cross training], multiskilling [multi-skilling].* formación en el mundo real = real-world training.* formación en el trabajo = in-service training, in-service education, in-service, on-the-job training, in-service support.* formación en el uso de la biblioteca = library literacy.* formación en enfermería = nursing education.* formación en informática = computer literacy.* formación en prácticas = in-service.* formación geológica = geological formation.* formación in situ = in-service training, in-service.* formación interna = in-service training, in-service support, in-service.* formación nubosa = cloud cover.* formación ocupacional = work education.* formación paternal = parenting education.* formación permanente = lifelong learning, lifelong education.* formación profesional = vocational training, professional education, professional training, further education.* formación reglada = formal education.* formación requerida = job specs.* instituto de formación profesional = technical school.* los que no han recibido formación específica = uninstructed, the.* para la formación autodidacta = self-instructional.* proceso de formación = instructional process.* programa de formación = training programme, training scheme, instructional programme.* programa de formación en el trabajo = in-service training program(me).* servirse de la formación de Uno = draw on/upon + background.* sin formación = ill-educated.* sin formación previa = untrained.* * *1) (de rocas, gobierno, palabras) formation2) (Geol) (conjunto, masa) formation3) (Mil) formation4) ( educación recibida) education; ( para trabajo) training•* * *= formation, instruction, training, schooling, coaching, fashioning, seasoning, grooming, upbringing.Ex: In 1970 she pointed to inconsistencies in the formation and arrangement of headings, the presence of useless ones, and variations in actual practice from what is thought to be practiced.
Ex: Probably in most libraries instruction in library use and the use of information retrieval tools needs to be available in a number of different modes.Ex: The user must become familiar with the facilities of this search software, and therefore may need more training than that which might be necessary for the retrieval of information in a data base which has been indexed with a controlled indexing language.Ex: Some people with little schooling do use the library, and for valuable purposes but they are more of an exception than the rule.Ex: Proofreaders are trained by coaching, as are editors.Ex: The university is a major force in the fashioning of the constantly changing urban way of life.Ex: All the artists were influenced by their seasoning as commercial illustrators.Ex: Let's face it, personal grooming is the key to success, in business or in your social life.Ex: Children in modern society are faced with a ceaseless stream of new ideas, and responsibility for their upbringing has generally moved from parents to childminders and teachers.* área de formación = teaching unit.* beca de formación = in-service training.* bibliotecario encargado de la formación de usuarios = instruction librarian.* con cierta formación = educated.* con la formación adecuada = adequately-trained.* conseguir una buena formación en = get + a good grounding on.* con una formación tecnológica digital = digitally-oriented.* curso de formación = training course.* curso de formación continua = continuing education course.* departamento de formación = teaching unit.* escuela de formación = training school.* escuela de formación profesional = vocational school.* formación académica = academic background, formal education.* formación básica en tecnología = technical literacy.* formación continua = continuing education (CE), continuous education, continuing training, continuing professional development, continuing professional education, professional development.* formación continuada = continuing education (CE), continuing training.* formación continua del personal = staff development.* formación continua en el trabajo = workplace training, workplace learning.* formación continua en medicina = CME (Continuing Medical Education).* formación de ampollas = blistering.* formación de burbujas = blistering.* formación de grumos = caking.* formación de grupos de presión = lobbying representation.* formación de hielo = icing.* formación de la colección = collection building.* formación del personal = staff training, professional development.* formación del profesorado = teacher-training, teacher education.* formación de padres = parenting, parenting education.* formación de piquetes = picketing.* formación de postgrado = postgraduate education, postgraduate training.* formación de profesorado en prácticas = in-service teacher training.* formación de un núcleo = nucleation.* formación de usuarios = information literacy, library instruction, information skills, library user education, bibliographic instruction (BI), user education, library user training, user instruction, user training, patron instruction, reader education.* formación documental = information education.* formación en diferentes tareas = cross-training [cross training], multiskilling [multi-skilling].* formación en el mundo real = real-world training.* formación en el trabajo = in-service training, in-service education, in-service, on-the-job training, in-service support.* formación en el uso de la biblioteca = library literacy.* formación en enfermería = nursing education.* formación en informática = computer literacy.* formación en prácticas = in-service.* formación geológica = geological formation.* formación in situ = in-service training, in-service.* formación interna = in-service training, in-service support, in-service.* formación nubosa = cloud cover.* formación ocupacional = work education.* formación paternal = parenting education.* formación permanente = lifelong learning, lifelong education.* formación profesional = vocational training, professional education, professional training, further education.* formación reglada = formal education.* formación requerida = job specs.* instituto de formación profesional = technical school.* los que no han recibido formación específica = uninstructed, the.* para la formación autodidacta = self-instructional.* proceso de formación = instructional process.* programa de formación = training programme, training scheme, instructional programme.* programa de formación en el trabajo = in-service training program(me).* servirse de la formación de Uno = draw on/upon + background.* sin formación = ill-educated.* sin formación previa = untrained.* * *1 (de las rocas, nubes) formation2 (de un grupo, gobierno) formation3 (de palabras, frases) formationB ( Geol) (conjunto, masa) formationC ( Mil) formationformación de combate combat formationD (adiestramiento) training; (educación recibida) educationla formación del carácter the formation of the characterel período de formación the training periodtiene una buena formación literaria she has had a good literary educationCompuesto:formación profesional or (CS) vocacionalprofessional o vocational trainingestudiantes de formación profesional or vocacional ≈ students at technical collegeFormación Profesional - FP (↑ formación a1)* * *
formación sustantivo femenino
1 ( en general) formation;
2 ( educación recibida) education;
( para trabajo) training;
formación profesional or (CS) vocacional professional o vocational training
formación sustantivo femenino
1 formation
2 (crianza) upbringing
3 (instrucción) training
formación profesional, vocational training, occupational training
' formación' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
enseñanza
- FP
- práctica
- preparación
English:
background
- development
- formation
- on-the-job
- shall
- should
- staff training
- teacher-training
- training
- training course
- training manual
- vocational
- parade
- teacher
- technical
- untrained
* * *formación nf1. [creación] formation;la formación de un gobierno the formation of a government;Lingla formación de palabras word formation2. [educación] training;la formación de los jóvenes es prioritaria para combatir el desempleo it is extremely important to train young people in order to combat unemployment;recibió una formación clásica he received a traditional education;sin formación académica with little formal educationformación en alternancia sandwich courses;formación continua in-service training;formación de formadores training of trainers;formación ocupacional vocational o occupational training;formación pedagógica teacher training;[ciclo educativo] = vocationally orientated secondary education in Spain for pupils aged 14-18, currently being phased out3. [equipo] team;[alineación] line-up;formación política political party4. Mil formation;marchar en formación to march in formation5. Geol formation;una formación rocosa a rock formation;esta zona presenta formaciones calcáreas there are limestone formations in this area* * *f2 ( entrenamiento) training;alumno de formación profesional student doing a vocational course* * *1) : formation2) : trainingformación profesional: vocational training* * *1. (proceso) formation2. (enseñanza) education -
18 apoyo
m.1 support (also figurative).2 hold, support, stay, buttress.3 help, co-operation, assistance, cooperation.4 supporter, person who lends support, backer, prop.5 crutch.pres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: apoyar.* * *1 support2 figurado support, backing, help* * *noun m.* * *SM1) (=ayuda) supportapoyo psicológico — counselling, counseling (EEUU)
2) [a una propuesta, idea] support, backing3) (=apoyatura) support* * *masculino support* * *= backing, endorsement, support, advocacy, prop, escort, anchor, anchor point, supportiveness, sustainment, a shoulder to cry on, backup [back-up], buttress.Ex. Thus the scheme has a sound organisational backing.Ex. The project was given endorsement by the Standing Committees of the IFLA Section on Cataloguing and the then Section on Mechanization.Ex. BSO was prepared by the International Federation for Documentation with the support of UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization), and was published in 1978/79.Ex. However, what American libraries mean by advocacy is 'Work to overcome obstacles that the enquirer encounters in trying to secure help from outside resource agencies'.Ex. The main props to any retrospective bibliography must be a well formed national library which has a long history of collecting the records of a nation's culture.Ex. Escort can be seen as part of the referral process or as a separate activity of accompanying a client to ensure that the person reaches the source of help.Ex. This format can provide an anchor for instructional designers attempting to come to terms with the vast potential of hypertext and hypermedia.Ex. This article stresses the importance of the library as a permanent anchor point for the local community.Ex. Percentage of books in a discipline charged out by students majoring in other disciplines was defined as the ' supportiveness' of that discipline.Ex. America's present need is not heroics, but healing; not nostrums, but normalcy; not experiment, but equipoise; not submergence in internationality, but sustainment in triumphant nationality.Ex. I recalled how bereft we felt when we lost our son and how friends and neighbours rallied round and offered a shoulder to cry on.Ex. The aggressiveness of a number of publications on this subject, replete with their accusations without any backup, can be interpreted as settling of scores.Ex. They used schools as a buttress of a caste system designed to subordinate blacks socially, to cramp them economically under a rigid job ceiling.----* administrativo de apoyo = clerical employee.* apoyo administrativo = administrative support.* apoyo a la toma de decisiones = decision support.* apoyo del personal = staff support.* apoyo económico = financial support, financial backing.* apoyo estatal = state support.* apoyo financiero = financial backing.* apoyo moral = moral support.* apoyo mutuo = mutual support.* apoyo para los pies = footrest.* apoyo técnico = service support, technical support, product support, tech support.* apoyo técnico de aplicaciones informáticas = software support.* buscar apoyo = line up + support.* buscar el apoyo de = woo.* carta de apoyo = letter of support.* centro de apoyo a los programas de estudios = curriculum material center.* clases de apoyo = remedial teaching.* como apoyo a = in support of.* conseguir apoyo = mobilise + support, win + support, line up + support, gain + support.* contar con apoyo para = have + support for.* contar con el apoyo de Alguien = have + Nombre + behind + Pronombre.* contar con el apoyo necesario para = have + the power behind to.* crear apoyo = build + support.* dar apoyo = give + support, support, provide + support.* de apoyo = enabling, supportive.* destreza de apoyo = ancillary skill.* educación de apoyo = remedial education.* en apoyo a = in support of.* estructura de apoyo = support structure.* fomentar apoyo = build + support.* ganarse el apoyo = earn + support.* grupo de apoyo = interest group, support group.* herramienta de apoyo = enabler.* material didáctico de apoyo = study aide.* mecanismo de apoyo = enabler.* merecer apoyo = be deserving of support.* ofrecer apoyo = support, provide + support, rally (a)round, rally behind.* personal administrativo de apoyo = clerical staff, clerical worker, clerical personnel.* personal de apoyo = paraprofessional staff, support staff.* personal de apoyo bibliotecario = library support staff.* personal técnico de apoyo = support staff.* prestar apoyo = lend + support, support.* prestar apoyo a = go to + bat for, bat for.* proporcionar apoyo = provide + support, support.* punto de apoyo = foothold.* que actúa de apoyo = supporting, supporting.* recabar apoyo = garner + support.* recibir apoyo = receive + support, attract + support.* redirigir el apoyo = divert + support.* ser un gran apoyo = be a tower of strength.* servicio auxiliar de apoyo familiar = respite care.* servicio de apoyo = backup service, support service.* servir de apoyo a = inform.* sin apoyo = unsupported.* sistema de apoyo a la toma de decisiones = decision support system, decision making system.* solicitar apoyo = canvass + support.* técnica de apoyo = enabling skill.* tecnología de apoyo = enabling technology.* trabajo administrativo de apoyo = clerical work.* trabajo de apoyo = escort work.* * *masculino support* * *= backing, endorsement, support, advocacy, prop, escort, anchor, anchor point, supportiveness, sustainment, a shoulder to cry on, backup [back-up], buttress.Ex: Thus the scheme has a sound organisational backing.
Ex: The project was given endorsement by the Standing Committees of the IFLA Section on Cataloguing and the then Section on Mechanization.Ex: BSO was prepared by the International Federation for Documentation with the support of UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization), and was published in 1978/79.Ex: However, what American libraries mean by advocacy is 'Work to overcome obstacles that the enquirer encounters in trying to secure help from outside resource agencies'.Ex: The main props to any retrospective bibliography must be a well formed national library which has a long history of collecting the records of a nation's culture.Ex: Escort can be seen as part of the referral process or as a separate activity of accompanying a client to ensure that the person reaches the source of help.Ex: This format can provide an anchor for instructional designers attempting to come to terms with the vast potential of hypertext and hypermedia.Ex: This article stresses the importance of the library as a permanent anchor point for the local community.Ex: Percentage of books in a discipline charged out by students majoring in other disciplines was defined as the ' supportiveness' of that discipline.Ex: America's present need is not heroics, but healing; not nostrums, but normalcy; not experiment, but equipoise; not submergence in internationality, but sustainment in triumphant nationality.Ex: I recalled how bereft we felt when we lost our son and how friends and neighbours rallied round and offered a shoulder to cry on.Ex: The aggressiveness of a number of publications on this subject, replete with their accusations without any backup, can be interpreted as settling of scores.Ex: They used schools as a buttress of a caste system designed to subordinate blacks socially, to cramp them economically under a rigid job ceiling.* administrativo de apoyo = clerical employee.* apoyo administrativo = administrative support.* apoyo a la toma de decisiones = decision support.* apoyo del personal = staff support.* apoyo económico = financial support, financial backing.* apoyo estatal = state support.* apoyo financiero = financial backing.* apoyo moral = moral support.* apoyo mutuo = mutual support.* apoyo para los pies = footrest.* apoyo técnico = service support, technical support, product support, tech support.* apoyo técnico de aplicaciones informáticas = software support.* buscar apoyo = line up + support.* buscar el apoyo de = woo.* carta de apoyo = letter of support.* centro de apoyo a los programas de estudios = curriculum material center.* clases de apoyo = remedial teaching.* como apoyo a = in support of.* conseguir apoyo = mobilise + support, win + support, line up + support, gain + support.* contar con apoyo para = have + support for.* contar con el apoyo de Alguien = have + Nombre + behind + Pronombre.* contar con el apoyo necesario para = have + the power behind to.* crear apoyo = build + support.* dar apoyo = give + support, support, provide + support.* de apoyo = enabling, supportive.* destreza de apoyo = ancillary skill.* educación de apoyo = remedial education.* en apoyo a = in support of.* estructura de apoyo = support structure.* fomentar apoyo = build + support.* ganarse el apoyo = earn + support.* grupo de apoyo = interest group, support group.* herramienta de apoyo = enabler.* material didáctico de apoyo = study aide.* mecanismo de apoyo = enabler.* merecer apoyo = be deserving of support.* ofrecer apoyo = support, provide + support, rally (a)round, rally behind.* personal administrativo de apoyo = clerical staff, clerical worker, clerical personnel.* personal de apoyo = paraprofessional staff, support staff.* personal de apoyo bibliotecario = library support staff.* personal técnico de apoyo = support staff.* prestar apoyo = lend + support, support.* prestar apoyo a = go to + bat for, bat for.* proporcionar apoyo = provide + support, support.* punto de apoyo = foothold.* que actúa de apoyo = supporting, supporting.* recabar apoyo = garner + support.* recibir apoyo = receive + support, attract + support.* redirigir el apoyo = divert + support.* ser un gran apoyo = be a tower of strength.* servicio auxiliar de apoyo familiar = respite care.* servicio de apoyo = backup service, support service.* servir de apoyo a = inform.* sin apoyo = unsupported.* sistema de apoyo a la toma de decisiones = decision support system, decision making system.* solicitar apoyo = canvass + support.* técnica de apoyo = enabling skill.* tecnología de apoyo = enabling technology.* trabajo administrativo de apoyo = clerical work.* trabajo de apoyo = escort work.* * *1 (respaldo) supportno cuentan con el apoyo popular they do not have the support of the people o enjoy popular supportagradezco el apoyo que me han brindado en todo momento I am grateful for the support you have given me throughoutapoyo A algo support FOR sthhan retirado su apoyo a esta iniciativa they have withdrawn their support for o their backing of this initiativeuna campaña de apoyo a la investigación científica a campaign in support of scientific research2 ( Ling):vocal/consonante de apoyo intrusive vowel/consonant* * *
Del verbo apoyar: ( conjugate apoyar)
apoyo es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
apoyó es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries:
apoyar
apoyo
apoyar ( conjugate apoyar) verbo transitivo
1 ( hacer descansar) apoyo (algo en algo) to rest (sth on sth);
2
apoyarse verbo pronominal
1 (para sostenerse, descansar) apoyose en algo to lean on sth
2 (basarse, fundarse) apoyose en algo to be based on sth
apoyo sustantivo masculino
support;
apoyo a algo support for sth
apoyar verbo transitivo
1 to lean
2 (causa) to support
apoyo sustantivo masculino support
' apoyo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
adhesión
- agradecer
- inapreciable
- legitimar
- negar
- proporcionar
- sola
- solo
- soporte
- sostén
- brindar
- declarar
- gestión
- incondicional
- manifestar
- mayoritario
- muleta
- puntal
- punto
- respaldo
- retirar
- retiro
- solicitar
- sustento
English:
advocacy
- against
- aim
- back
- backing
- backup
- buttress
- crutch
- drum up
- endorsement
- financial
- firm
- foothold
- freestanding
- full
- hilt
- mass
- moral
- prop
- rally
- rest
- solid
- support
- supportively
- supportiveness
- thankful
- unreserved
- whip up
- wholehearted
- widespread
- win
- with
- by
- foot
- muster
- sympathetic
- woo
* * *apoyo nmsupport;salieron adelante con el apoyo de su familia they got by with the support of her family;me dio su apoyo moral she gave me her moral support;buscan apoyos económicos para el proyecto they are seeking funding o financial support for the project;anunciaron su apoyo a la iniciativa they declared their support for the initiative;presentó las pruebas en apoyo de su teoría he presented the evidence to support his theory* * *m figsupport;en apoyo de in support of* * *apoyo nm: support, backing* * *apoyo n support -
19 atrevido
adj.1 daring, adventurous, bold, brave.2 cheeky, brassy, bold-faced, pert.f. & m.cheeky person, insolent person.past part.past participle of spanish verb: atreverse.* * *1→ link=atreverse atreverse► adjetivo1 (osado) daring, bold2 (insolente) insolent, impudent3 (indecoroso) daring, risqué* * *(f. - atrevida)adj.daring, bold* * *atrevido, -a1. ADJ1) [persona] (=audaz) daring, bold; (=insolente) cheeky, sassy (EEUU)el periodista le hizo preguntas muy atrevidas — the reporter asked him some very daring o bold questions
2) [chiste] daring, risqué2.SM / F cheeky person* * *I- da adjetivoa) ( insolente) sassy (AmE colloq), cheeky (BrE colloq)el atrevido diseño del edificio — the bold o adventurous design of the building
c) ( valiente) braveII- da masculino, femeninoa) ( insolente)es un atrevido y un maleducado — he is sassy (AmE) o (BrE) cheeky and bad-mannered
b) ( valiente)el mundo es de los atrevidos — fortune favors the brave
* * *= brave [braver -comp., bravest -sup.], presumptuous, adventurous, cheeky [cheekier -comp., cheekiest -sup.], risqué, bawdy [bawdier -comp., bawdiest -sup.], fearless, impudent, bold [bolder -comp., boldest -sup.], pert, audacious, buccaneering.Ex. It would be a brave man who would predict that such a process will always remain clumsy, slow and faulty in detail.Ex. Many feel that it is presumptuous to think that a 150- to 250-word abstract can carry enough information from a well-written 3,000-word paper to be of much use except as a guide.Ex. Many say the role of consumer advice centres as being simply mediators between the consumer and the retailer/manufacturer; only a few adventurous authorities encouraged the aggressive championing of consumer complaints.Ex. The young man in the picture is myself snapped twenty-five years or so ago by a cheeky thirteen-year-old during the first few months of my first teaching job.Ex. However, some of the central premises of the film are flawed, and the risqué touches, whether racial or erotic innuendo, are primarily there to titillate and make the film seem hot and controversial.Ex. Their secondary aim was to print piratical, scurrilous and bawdy material for the people of Dublin.Ex. He describes the decoration of the tombs, explaining that this artwork is a fearless thumbing of the nose at death itself.Ex. The Library Association is impudent in suggesting that it will impose sanctions on those who fail to keep abreast of developments in librarianship.Ex. 'Would it be bold of me to ask,' she said hesitantly, 'why is the Medical Center library virtually an autonomous unit?'.Ex. He lingered round the bookstall looking at the books and papers till a pert girl behind the counter asked him if he wouldn't like a chair.Ex. One of Belgium's most dangerous criminals, who staged an audacious jailbreak on a hijacked helicopter, has been tracked down to Morocco.Ex. But whatever we make of their buccaneering spirit, the apostolic passion firing their hearts is surely beyond contention.----* ignorancia es muy atrevida, la = ignorance is very daring.* persona atrevida = risk taker.* ser atrevido = make + a bold statement.* * *I- da adjetivoa) ( insolente) sassy (AmE colloq), cheeky (BrE colloq)el atrevido diseño del edificio — the bold o adventurous design of the building
c) ( valiente) braveII- da masculino, femeninoa) ( insolente)es un atrevido y un maleducado — he is sassy (AmE) o (BrE) cheeky and bad-mannered
b) ( valiente)el mundo es de los atrevidos — fortune favors the brave
* * *= brave [braver -comp., bravest -sup.], presumptuous, adventurous, cheeky [cheekier -comp., cheekiest -sup.], risqué, bawdy [bawdier -comp., bawdiest -sup.], fearless, impudent, bold [bolder -comp., boldest -sup.], pert, audacious, buccaneering.Ex: It would be a brave man who would predict that such a process will always remain clumsy, slow and faulty in detail.
Ex: Many feel that it is presumptuous to think that a 150- to 250-word abstract can carry enough information from a well-written 3,000-word paper to be of much use except as a guide.Ex: Many say the role of consumer advice centres as being simply mediators between the consumer and the retailer/manufacturer; only a few adventurous authorities encouraged the aggressive championing of consumer complaints.Ex: The young man in the picture is myself snapped twenty-five years or so ago by a cheeky thirteen-year-old during the first few months of my first teaching job.Ex: However, some of the central premises of the film are flawed, and the risqué touches, whether racial or erotic innuendo, are primarily there to titillate and make the film seem hot and controversial.Ex: Their secondary aim was to print piratical, scurrilous and bawdy material for the people of Dublin.Ex: He describes the decoration of the tombs, explaining that this artwork is a fearless thumbing of the nose at death itself.Ex: The Library Association is impudent in suggesting that it will impose sanctions on those who fail to keep abreast of developments in librarianship.Ex: 'Would it be bold of me to ask,' she said hesitantly, 'why is the Medical Center library virtually an autonomous unit?'.Ex: He lingered round the bookstall looking at the books and papers till a pert girl behind the counter asked him if he wouldn't like a chair.Ex: One of Belgium's most dangerous criminals, who staged an audacious jailbreak on a hijacked helicopter, has been tracked down to Morocco.Ex: But whatever we make of their buccaneering spirit, the apostolic passion firing their hearts is surely beyond contention.* ignorancia es muy atrevida, la = ignorance is very daring.* persona atrevida = risk taker.* ser atrevido = make + a bold statement.* * *2 (osado) ‹escote/vestido› daring; ‹chiste› risquéel atrevido diseño del edificio the bold o adventurous design of the buildingme parece algo atrevido decir una cosa así I think it would be rash to say such a thingun escritor atrevido a daring writer3 (valiente) brave¿te vas a vivir allí? eres muy atrevido are you going to live there? that's very brave of youmasculine, feminine1(insolente): ese niño es un atrevido y un maleducado that little boy is mouthy ( AmE) o sassy ( AmE) o ( BrE) cheeky and bad-mannered ( colloq)2(valiente): el mundo es de los atrevidos fortune favors the brave* * *
Del verbo atreverse: ( conjugate atreverse)
atrevido es:
el participio
Multiple Entries:
atreverse
atrevido
atreverse ( conjugate atreverse) verbo pronominal
to dare;◊ ¡anda, atrévete! go on then, I dare you (to);
no me atrevo a decírselo I daren't tell him;
¿cómo te atreves a pegarle? how dare you hit him?;
¿a que conmigo no te atreves? I bet you wouldn't dare take me on
atrevido -da adjetivo
‹ chiste› risqué;
‹ diseño› bold
atreverse verbo reflexivo to dare: ¿te atreves a hacerlo?, do you dare to do it? o dare you do it? ➣ Ver nota en dare
atrevido,-a adjetivo
1 (descarado) daring, bold
2 (insolente) cheeky, impudent
3 (un vestido) risqué
' atrevido' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
arrojada
- arrojado
- atrevida
- desvergonzada
- desvergonzado
- impertinente
- lanzada
- lanzado
English:
audacious
- daredevil
- daring
- naughty
- presumptuous
- revealing
- forward
- risqué
- sassy
- unadventurous
* * *atrevido, -a♦ adj1. [osado] daring;es muy atrevido, le encantan los deportes de riesgo he's very daring, he loves dangerous sports;un escote atrevido a daring neckline;una película/escultura atrevida a bold movie/sculpture2. [caradura] cheeky♦ nm,f1. [osado] daring person2. [caradura] cheeky person;¡qué atrevido, contestar así a tu madre! what a cheek, answering your mother back like that!* * *adj1 ( insolente) sassy fam, Brcheeky fam2 ( valiente) brave, daring* * *atrevido, -da adj1) : bold, daring2) : insolent* * *atrevido adj1. (audaz) daring -
20 caótico
adj.chaotic, disorganized, disastrous.* * *► adjetivo1 chaotic* * *ADJ chaotic* * *- ca adjetivo chaotic* * *= chaotic, helter-skelter, disorderly, shambolic.Ex. Otherwise the situation would become chaotic.Ex. The larger issues of higher education provide a context for redefining the helter-skelter relationship of teaching and research.Ex. Empirical studies of decision making have found that the process is more disorderly than described in rational models.Ex. Hundreds of usually loyal fans booed and jeered as the tortured singer delivered a shambolic and apparently drunken performance.----* computación caótica = chaotic computing.* informática caótica = chaotic computing.* * *- ca adjetivo chaotic* * *= chaotic, helter-skelter, disorderly, shambolic.Ex: Otherwise the situation would become chaotic.
Ex: The larger issues of higher education provide a context for redefining the helter-skelter relationship of teaching and research.Ex: Empirical studies of decision making have found that the process is more disorderly than described in rational models.Ex: Hundreds of usually loyal fans booed and jeered as the tortured singer delivered a shambolic and apparently drunken performance.* computación caótica = chaotic computing.* informática caótica = chaotic computing.* * *caótico -cachaoticencontré la casa en un estado caótico the house was in chaos o was chaotic when I got there* * *
caótico◊ -ca adjetivo
chaotic
caótico,-a adjetivo chaotic
' caótico' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
caótica
English:
chaotic
- haphazard
- shambolic
* * *caótico, -a adjchaotic* * *adj chaotic* * *caótico, -ca adj: chaotic
Страницы
См. также в других словарях:
teaching process — mokymo procesas statusas T sritis švietimas apibrėžtis Ilgalaikė mokytojo ir mokinių pažintinė ir praktinė sąveika, per kurią mokiniai įgyja teorinės ir praktinės patirties ir pasirengia savarankiškai veikti. Šis procesas pedagogikos istorijoje… … Enciklopedinis edukologijos žodynas
stages of teaching process — mokymo proceso etapai statusas T sritis švietimas apibrėžtis Mokymo logikos lemiami mokytojo ir mokinių veiklos tarpsniai konkrečiam didaktiniam tikslui pasiekti. Etapo vietą pamokos struktūroje lemia pamokos tipas. Pvz., naujos medžiagos… … Enciklopedinis edukologijos žodynas
Teaching abroad — is a catch phrase used in first world countries for temporary teaching assignments outside of their home country. Overview of different programs There are many different programs that exist to help people to teach abroad. Three often used paths… … Wikipedia
Teaching method — Teaching methods are best articulated by answering the questions, What is the purpose of education? and What are the best ways of achieving these purposes? . For much of prehistory, educational methods were largely informal, and consisted of… … Wikipedia
Process drama — as a teaching methodology has developed primarily from the work of Brian Way, Dorothy Heathcote and Gavin Bolton (Bolton, 1979, 1984, 1992; Bolton Heathcote, 1; Heathcote Bolton, 1995) and through the work of other leading drama practitioners… … Wikipedia
Teaching of St. Augustine of Hippo — Teaching of St. Augustine of Hippo † Catholic Encyclopedia ► Teaching of St. Augustine of Hippo St. Augustine of Hippo (354 430) is a philosophical and theological genius of the first order, dominating, like a pyramid, antiquity and… … Catholic encyclopedia
Process philosophy — (or Ontology of Becoming) identifies metaphysical reality with change and dynamism. Since the time of Plato and Aristotle, philosophers have posited true reality as timeless , based on permanent substances, whilst processes are denied or… … Wikipedia
Teaching Proficiency through Reading and Storytelling — formerly known as Total Physical Response Storytelling, or TPRS for short, is a method for teaching any world language, including Spanish and French. Blaine Ray created this method by combining James Asher s Total Physical Response system with p … Wikipedia
Process theory of composition — The process theory of composition (hereafter referred to as process ) is a field of composition studies that focuses on writing as a process rather than a product. Based on Janet Emig s breakdown of the writing process, [Emig, Janet. The… … Wikipedia
teaching — /tee ching/, n. 1. the act or profession of a person who teaches. 2. something that is taught. 3. Often, teachings. doctrines or precepts: the teachings of Lao tzu. [1125 75; ME teching. See TEACH, ING1] * * * Profession of those who give… … Universalium
Teaching English as a foreign language — TEFL or teaching English as a foreign language refers to teaching English to students whose first language is not English and is taught in a region where English is not the dominant language and natural English language immersion situations are… … Wikipedia
